Neoplasms of preschool age
The development of the cognitive sphere leads the preschooler to new formations that take the personality to a new level. Neoplasms are the most important criteria that separate one age period from another and reveal its essence. In older preschool age, the meaningful acquisition is worldview and arbitrariness.
Formation of worldview
Gradually, connections are established in the child’s mind between everything he already knows about. Consequently, a primary worldview is formed. Psychological aspects such as the development of self-awareness and understanding of the system of relationships between people are also important.
The child's brain is able to detect certain patterns. An older preschooler already understands very well that actions and deeds lead to certain consequences, including moral and ethical ones.
The formation of a worldview as a mental new formation of preschool childhood is still quite schematic. This is a kind of outline that will begin to actively fill in as soon as the child goes to school.
Formation of arbitrariness
The main achievement of preschool age is the formation of arbitrariness. It is also a new formation that stimulates the development of the cognitive sphere. If a younger preschooler perceives, pays attention, thinks involuntarily - what attracts him more is what his cognition is directed towards - then in older preschool age, at least partially, this process can be controlled.
Arbitrary perception
Arbitrariness ensures the perception of the information that an adult presents to a child. Voluntary attention allows a preschooler to see and listen not only to what he wants, but also to what is necessary. Therefore, voluntariness is the most important “acquisition” for the cognitive sphere in the preschool period.
