Methodological techniques with children aged 4-5 years
At 4-5 years of age, the child’s body begins its development, and the child learns to obey collective action. When preparing for classes, the teacher must use special methodological sources describing teaching methods.
The teacher uses the following types of techniques during the lesson:
- verbal;
- visual techniques;
- practical;
- gaming
Additional Information! Gymnastics uses game exercises with elements of performance and music.
Group of verbal exercises
Such exercises will develop vocabulary and teach you how to conduct conversations on simple topics, such as talking about yourself or about recent events. Examples of this type of activity will be presented below.
- Explanation. Must accompany any game action.
- Poems and riddles. “Every morning, my friend, don’t be lazy and hurry up to exercise. We will jump and gallop, raise our palms to the sun.”
- Poetic gymnastics “Berries”. Strawberry is doing the exercises: “Pull your arms higher.” The red raspberry bends: “With exercise, winter colds and even sore throats are not scary.”
- Fairy tales. Fairy tales should have no more than 2 plot twists, so as not to distract children from exercises; it is better to name the characters with memorable names; it is advisable to add illustrated examples.
Note! You can add questions to the stories for group discussion.
Visual
It is easier for children to perceive this world through imaginative thinking, so it is important to use visual examples during the lesson.
It is useful to use the following elements:
- Pictures with animals, toys that will be used as game heroes.
- Illustrations of each element of gymnastics.
- Personal example - the teacher must perform the commented action himself.
Additional Information! If during a lesson the teacher uses a video as an illustration of the exercises, he must repeat all the steps.
Personal example of charging
Practical
This stage occurs after physical education and acts as an independent analysis for children. Their essence is for children to share their emotions after exercises.
- drawings;
- crafts;
- applications.
Note! Crafts will help children find an outlet for emotions after physical activity.
Group of gaming techniques
When compiling a complex, the main attention should be paid to active game actions. Read more about these exercises in the table below.
Table 1. Outdoor games for physical education in the middle group of preschool educational institutions
| What they are working on | Name | Target | The essence |
| Running, ability to navigate in space | "The wind blows snowflakes" | Develop the skill of running and moving according to a conventional sign. | Children start running after the “Wind” signal and stop after the “wind has died down” signal. |
| Equilibrium | "Carousel" | Develop the ability to maintain balance and run in a certain direction. | The teacher puts on a hoop with ribbons and turns around its axis; at a signal, the children begin to run around, holding on to the ribbons, and then stop at a signal. |
| Dexterity | "Golden Gate" | Develop reaction, attention, ability to evade. | A couple of children hold hands and raise them in an arc. The group lines up and their task is to pass under the “gates”, which are sharply lowered at the command of the teacher, and those on whom they fall become the “gates” themselves. |
| Crawl | "The shepherd drives the sheep" | The ability to move on all fours towards a specific goal is consolidated. | A “shepherd” is appointed, children begin to bleat to the rhymes, pretending to be sheep, and the “shepherd” plays the horn, driving the flock. Children move on all fours from one end of the hall to the other. |
| Attention | "Owl" | Teaches you to listen to the driver, to stand still without moving. | The teacher says that during the day everything comes to life, and the children begin to move their hands like butterflies, birds, etc. At the command “Night is coming,” the children must freeze in the position in which they heard this phrase. "Owl" must see who has moved. The person noticed goes to the "owl". During the game, the “owl” is re-selected many times. At the end of the game, the best “eagle owl” is selected, the one who caught more “insects” than the rest. |
Important! It is advisable to add several exercises to the complexes to develop fine motor skills and breathing.
Meaning
Morning exercises in the middle group of preschool educational institutions are the main stage in monitoring health.
The purpose of physical education for the child’s body:
- Raising the tone of children physically and emotionally.
- Demonstration of will, since exercises are performed under the guidance of a teacher.
- The whole body is activated.
- Breathing improves.
- Blood circulation accelerates.
- Metabolism improves.
- Introspection of execution.
Note! Gymnastics is carried out under rhythmic audio accompaniment; this develops a sense of rhythm, as children begin to try to fall into the “musical pattern”.
The role of exercise in educational and health processes
The task of morning exercises is to tone the whole body and improve vital processes.
The role of exercise in the health and education of children:
- Physical activity improves blood circulation and oxygen exchange, which stimulates brain activity.
- Muscles are strengthened and overall physical development is activated.
- Systematic exercise leads to strengthening of the body.
Additional Information! Proper combination of physical and mental activity ensures the harmonious development of the child’s personality and character in kindergarten.
Lessons on the street
