Development of fine motor skills for children 4-5 years old. methodological development (middle group) on the topic


Development of fine motor skills in children 4-5 years old

Master class “Development of fine motor skills of hands in children of middle preschool age”

Rasskazenkova Olga Nikolaevna Educator Municipal state-owned preschool educational institution “Kindergarten No. 27” Dear colleagues, today I want to share with you my experience in using didactic games to develop fine motor skills in middle-aged children, which can be done both in kindergarten and Houses.
(Fine motor skills are a set of coordinated actions aimed at accurately performing small movements with the fingers and hands and feet. The nervous, muscular, skeletal and even visual systems take part in this. It includes a variety of movements: from all the usual gestures to the smallest manipulations. ) an important factor in the success of a child’s intellectual and psychophysical development. At all stages of a child's life, hand movements are very important. The most favorable period for the development of a person’s intellectual and creative capabilities is from 3 to 9 years, when the cerebral cortex has not yet been fully formed. It is at this age that it is necessary to develop memory, perception, thinking, attention. (“The origins of children’s abilities and talents are at the tips of their fingers. From the fingers, figuratively speaking, come the finest streams that feed the source of creative thought.” V.A. Sukhomlinsky) The development of fine motor skills is important because the child’s entire future life will require the use precise, coordinated movements of the hands and fingers, which are necessary to dress, draw, write, and also perform a wide variety of everyday and educational activities. The development of manual skill and fine motor skills is also important for the personal development of the child himself. By owning a hand, a child in the process of his development becomes more independent, autonomous and independent from an adult, which contributes to the development of his initiative in various types of children's activities. According to the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education, among the target guidelines at the stage of completing preschool education, it is noted that the child shows initiative and independence in various types of activities - play, communication, the child has developed fine motor skills; he can control and manipulate his movements. A consequence of poor development of fine motor skills of the hand is the general unpreparedness of most children for writing or a problem with speech development. Children with poorly developed manual motor skills awkwardly hold a spoon or pencil, cannot fasten buttons, or lace up shoes. It can be difficult for them to collect scattered parts of the construction set, to work with puzzles, counting sticks, and mosaics. The Federal State Educational Standard for Education tells us that the development of a child should occur in “forms specific to the development of a given age group, primarily in the form of a game,” which is why in my work I use didactic games that allow me to actively develop the fine motor skills of the children in my group. There are many such games, I want to present those that we made together with our parents. Organizational point: we may not know each other well, but I hope we will understand each other, and games will help us with this, we will take them with us. Look what a beautiful bunch of grapes I have, I’ll now tear off one berry from it and tell you my name - my name is Olga Nikolaevna. Pass the bunch on, each “berry” says its name.

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From 8 months: inserts

  • Cups, jars, bowls, nesting dolls, children's toy dishes. Any household items (safe for the child), varying in size, which the baby will endlessly “test for compatibility”: assemble, disassemble, insert, lay out, knock them against each other. “I’m developing fine motor skills, mom, be patient!” Can be offered to a sitting child from 6 months.
  • Boxes, jars with lids, bags - the baby learns to open and close.
  • Sorters (boxes with slots of different configurations and elements of the appropriate size and shape). Wooden, plastic, round, square, in the shape of dogs or boats - whatever you like. They usually become a favorite pastime no earlier than 8–9 months. You can do without a purchased toy. A clean shoe box made of thick cardboard, windows cut out with scissors and objects of appropriate shape (large buttons and beads, cubes, etc.) - the baby will be busy with them for a long time. You'll even have time to wash your hair or drink your morning coffee (we can't promise everything at once!).
  • Twisting and unwinding. Caps, lids, toy screws - everything that can be screwed on or turned in one direction or the other. It is not necessary to buy special sets - just offer your baby a plastic bottle with a lid or a plastic thermos.
  • Wooden cubes, pyramids, abacus, knockers with hammers, construction sets, simple musical toys, insert frames. They satisfy the baby's cognitive interest, develop spatial orientation and - what is most important for us now - improve small hand movements, develop coordination and dexterity.

From 1 year: natural materials

  • Sand games: buckets, molds, shovel, Easter cakes. A lesson for several seasons. At first, your mother (grandmother, nanny) will make the molds. We recommend starting with large molds: with their help you can make even shapes without crumbling edges (any “imperfection” can make kids angry; they strive for ideals in everything).
  • Plasticine, plastic clay, salt dough. We roll sausages, make koloboks, strings and glue them into a hoop. Such activities perfectly strengthen the muscles of the hand, make the fingers more dexterous and mobile, and expand the child’s ideas about his capabilities. At a later age, your child will proudly bring figurines of hedgehogs, bunnies and dogs from kindergarten classes, which will begin to settle on your bookshelves. You cannot treat them with disrespect - these are the first products of a child’s labor, he values ​​them very much!
  • Cones, pebbles, sand, pebbles, walnuts (in shell) and chestnuts. The latter are collected during a walk in the fall, stuffed into pockets, brought home and washed. Now it’s useful to knead them in your palms, two at a time, and rotate one around the other.
  • Games with any bulk materials. The child puts his hands into a vessel with some homogeneous filler (sand, various grains, pellets, any small objects). Stirs the contents for a few minutes. Then he is offered a vessel with a filler of a different texture. After several trials, the child, with his eyes closed, puts his hand into the offered vessel and tries to guess its contents without feeling its individual elements with his fingers. At the same time we develop speech. Do this only under the supervision of an adult: small objects are not recommended for children under 3 years of age to play with.

Invite your child to play “Cinderella” - sort beans, peas, large beads, dry pasta of different colors into different containers.

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