Many parents often wonder at what age to send their child to kindergarten, what groups are there in public kindergartens and what is the fundamental difference between them.
Depending on the age, the child will fall into one group or another. There are 5 age groups in public kindergartens.
- A short-term stay group is open for children 1-3 years old;
- children from 3 to 4 years old fall into the younger age group;
- The middle group includes children 4-5 years old;
- the senior group is attended by children aged five and six;
- and boys and girls aged 6 and 7 years old go to the preparatory group.
Nursery
The youngest pupils are accepted into the nursery group of the kindergarten. Their age ranges from 1 year to 2-3 years. They are usually located on the ground floor; the furniture in the group corresponds to the height of the children.
Classes are provided on the development of speech, music, and the surrounding world, in accordance with the plan. Classes are conducted by a teacher in a group and last no more than 10 minutes.
Toys are also selected according to age: large cubes and pyramids, rubber animals and baby dolls, balls, cars, children's sets for playing with sand, dolls, doll dishes, baby books - all without small and dangerous parts.
The daily routine in the nursery group differs from that of older children: early breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack, dinner. Going to bed early for a quiet hour.
There should be no more than 10-15 children in such a group. The presence of a nanny is required to help dress and undress the children, feed and wash them, and put them to bed.
There is usually only one holiday - New Year, and it is also celebrated in a group.
Origami
Stock. Adults also make paper crafts with children in the older group. Paper crafts develop baby's logic and fine motor skills.
To make an origami “Dog” you will need a square of yellow paper, three small black squares, a black pencil, glue and scissors.
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- A yellow sheet of paper is folded in half and unfolded to mark the middle of the sheet.
- The opposite corners of a yellow sheet of paper are folded in half. It turns out to be a triangle.
- A sheet of paper folded into a triangle is placed in front of you with the fold facing up.
- The corners are bent down from the top. These will be the dog's ears.
- The lower sharp end is folded to the top. This represents the chin.
- Eyes are cut out from 2 black squares, simply rounding the corners, you get circles. They are glued to the top of the muzzle.
- In the third black square, the opposite corners are folded together and the lower sharp bent end of the chin is glued together with the resulting triangle.
- Draw a mustache with a black pencil.
Junior
The younger group is attended by children aged 3 to 4 years. These are more independent children who know and can do a lot.
Drawing, physical education and music lessons with specialist teachers, drawing and modeling are added to the main classes. The duration of the lesson is 15 minutes.
Children at this age love to play role-playing games, so among the toys there are various, but simple, children's sets of a doctor, a hairdresser, a builder, a cook, as well as all kinds of construction sets with large parts and figures.
Reading books may contain a longer and more detailed plot. There should also be books with riddles and simple coloring books with a simple silhouette or outline.
In the younger group, in addition to the New Year, a holiday dedicated to March 8 is often organized for children, and they are held in a large music hall.
Many children at this age already speak well, so for performances at holidays they can be given poems and small roles to memorize together with their parents.
Cardboard cactus
- Decorate a white paper cup to suit your taste. This will be a cactus pot;
- Cut out 3 ovals from double-sided green cardstock;
- Fold each oval in half lengthwise;
- Glue the ovals like this. Coat one of the halves with glue, attach the second oval to it so that the two halves are connected and the other two stick out;
- Using the same technique, glue the third oval.
Place the resulting cactus in a pot. If desired, you can draw spines on the cactus or add a flower to it.
Average
The age of children in the middle group is from 4 to 5 years. They are already more physically developed, love to play outdoor games, and acquire the first skills in using simple sports equipment (balls, hoops, skittles, gymnastic sticks, etc.). Therefore, in the middle group of kindergarten they conduct much more physical education classes and physical education minutes, including outside.
Classes such as mathematics, literacy, application, and logic are being introduced. Class duration is 20 minutes.
In many kindergartens, parents are given the opportunity to enroll their children in additional clubs - dance, English, arts and crafts, etc.
Toys and games include cubes with complex patterns for making pictures, lotto and dominoes, educational board games, as well as glove toys for acting out theatrical scenes and fairy tales. Children can now not only listen to a fairy tale to the end, but also, having memorized the roles, show it to children of younger groups.
“Autumn Festival” and “Spring Festival” are added to the main matinees.
Older
The senior group of the kindergarten is attended by children aged 5 to 6 years. Classes are already becoming more intense, in-depth and longer – 25 minutes each.
In addition to the basic ones, classes can be held on the history of the native land and basic handicraft skills can be instilled.
Children can already perform simple exercises from sports such as gymnastics, basketball and some others.
The toys in the group should be varied and age-appropriate: mosaics, puzzles, three-dimensional construction sets with many details.
Children are also taught housekeeping skills. Therefore, among the toys there should be miniature doll gas stoves, cutlery, an ironing board with a toy iron, brooms, dustpans and brooms. You can invite children to care for indoor flowers, aquarium fish, and parrots.
“Christmas”, “Defender of the Fatherland Day”, “Easter”, “Victory Day” are added to holidays and matinees.
Gift for mom and dad
Crafts for moms and dads in the older group.
Stock. You will have to collect pine and fir cones, prepare acrylic paints with a brush, glue with a brush, thin twigs and rectangles of green paper.
- Pine cones are painted in different colors with acrylic paints.
- Branches of different lengths are painted green.
- Green rectangles are folded in half and the corners are rounded with scissors.
- The leaves are glued to the branches.
- Branches with leaves are attached to colored cones.
Preparatory
The preparatory group of the kindergarten is attended by children aged 6 to 7 years. For children, this is a very important, last, final stage before entering school.
There are many developmental and educational activities: reading and mathematics, native speech and the world around us, music and physical education, manual labor and origami, modeling and drawing.
The group often sets up easels and hangers with clothes from various professions for children’s story games. At this age, children are actively learning the rules of etiquette, as well as traffic rules.
Matinees and holidays are elaborate and theatrical. Children can even act as presenters. The graduation party at the end of the year is the most important for children and their parents, where graduates show all their abilities and talents.
Speech therapy
Children are recruited into speech therapy groups by a speech therapist based on preliminary testing and after a thorough examination. The ONR group includes children with general speech disorders, the FNR group includes children with problems in pronouncing certain sounds.
Pupils, in addition to the main classes, engage in special exercises with a speech therapist and teacher aimed at improving and improving their speech.
In such groups there are usually not many children - 10-12 people. Classes with a speech therapist can be individual or group, and are conducted according to a schedule. All other classes are conducted according to a simplified and facilitated plan, acceptable for children with such defects.
Volumetric daisies
Cut 6-10 narrow strips from white office paper. The length can be equal to the length of an A4 sheet:
- Fold the strip in half;
- Apply glue to only a small area in the center of the strip;
- Glue the strip to the base;
- Bend the second sheet, coat it with glue, and glue it perpendicular to the first;
- Repeat with the remaining strips;
- Take the edge of the last glued strip, bend it towards the center, forming a loop, glue;
- Repeat with the other end of the strip;
- Fold and glue each strip to the center;
- Glue a circle of yellow paper to the attachment point - the core of the flower.
The thinner the strips of paper, the more openwork the flower will turn out.
Summer
A summer group is usually a temporary group for the summer period, which is attended by children of different ages. There are usually no classes in the summer, but only outdoor games, reading books, going to puppet theaters or museums.
In any group of a preschool institution there must be two teachers and one nanny.
The day should be organized strictly according to the regime established for each specific age, with games, walks, activities, and entertainment. Each lesson is held no more than 2 times a week.
Activities with children
The teacher teaches older children how to make crafts.
Stock. For the teacher to glue a chair out of paper, prepare 2 paper rectangles. One is 12 cm long and 6 cm wide. Step back 3 cm from the edges of the sides and draw a dotted line. The base of the chair will be glued from this blank.
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The second rectangular segment is 18 cm long and 9 cm wide. Divide the rectangle into 3 equal parts and mark it with a dotted line. The back and sides of the chair will be glued from it.
- The smaller rectangle is bent along the dotted line in one direction. This will be the seat of the chair.
- The corners of the second rectangle are rounded with scissors at a height of 6 cm and also bent along the dotted line. This will be the back.
- The back is smeared with glue and glued to both sides of the chair.
