Long-term work plan calendar and thematic planning

Long-term planning at the enterprise

 The article is devoted to long-term planning in an enterprise. The stages of drawing up a financial plan are considered, and long-term planning as a management function is considered. The basis for long-term planning is a deep technical and economic analysis of the capabilities of the enterprise, each of its workshops and production areas. Long-term planning helps make decisions on complex problems of the entire organization, including on an international scale.

Key words: long-term planning, strategy, development plan, activity analysis, financial plan

The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that in the modern world, each enterprise, in order to operate effectively, needs to analyze previous periods, based on the analysis, draw up plans for its future activities. All this is necessary for the company to make a profit and develop more and more every year. Many authors have addressed this topic, and each of them focused on the importance of the long-term plan in the development of the enterprise.

As already noted, for the successful operation and development of an enterprise it is necessary to take into account and analyze past periods, therefore there is a direct connection between planning, accounting and analysis, each direction complements the other. It is their interdependence that makes it possible to achieve greater economic and financial results in the future.

One of the most important processes in the efficiency of an enterprise is long-term planning. The term planning represents a management function. In modern conditions, it is necessary to logically determine the paths of development of an enterprise; it is necessary to set goals for each sector of activity and the work of all structural divisions [1].

Currently, the essence of long-term planning has acquired significant importance. This type of planning differs from others in that it provides for a long-term forecast and is developed for a period of 10–20 years.

In the process of long-term planning, general principles of guiding the enterprise towards the future (development concept) are developed; the strategic direction and development program, content and sequence of activities that ensure the achievement of the goals are determined.

The basis for long-term planning is a deep technical and economic analysis of the capabilities of the enterprise, each of its workshops and production areas [3]. At the same time, it is necessary to identify the leading and most promising areas of production.

The development of a long-term forecast plan takes place in several stages. The first stage is to draw up a draft plan, and here its indicators are calculated using aggregated calculation methods. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the data from marketing research that was carried out when developing a strategic plan [1]. An analysis of the dynamics of sales volumes over past periods is also carried out, then indicators of the actual availability and condition of production facilities are clarified. And based on this data, the enterprise’s production program and product sales plan for the future should be developed. Using this program, you can determine the future directions of the enterprise's innovative activities.

At the next stage, the cost of production is analyzed, the planned profit and profitability of production are calculated. Based on this, possible ways to reduce the cost of products (works/services) are being developed.

At the final stage of developing a long-term plan, a financial plan of the enterprise is drawn up, which uses the calculations made at the previous stages [2]. This plan includes items of income and expenses for each planned year. When developing a long-term plan, it is necessary to take into account various options for the development of the enterprise, since external conditions, such as price dynamics, fluctuations in demand, benefits, etc., are constantly changing.

Long-term planning helps make decisions on complex problems of the entire organization, including on an international scale. For example, the directions and amounts of capital investments are determined; technical innovations are being introduced; products are updated; the form of foreign investment is determined, etc.

An important component of long-term planning is the financial plan. One of its tasks is to provide the production and trading process with the necessary financial resources [4]. Also, with its help, financial relations with other business entities should be established; to identify ways of the most profitable investment of capital and reserves for its use. The objectives of financial planning include increasing profits, which is possible by saving money.

Next, we will consider such a point as a financial planning strategy. The content of the strategy is to determine its income (profit) centers and cost centers. Planning of financial indicators is carried out using certain methods.

Planning methods represent certain methods and techniques for calculating indicators. When planning financial indicators, the following methods are used:

– normative;

– calculation and analytical;

– balance;

– method for optimizing planning decisions;

– economic and mathematical modeling.

The financial strategy implemented in a specific mechanism for the functioning of an enterprise must be based on special principles that are suitable for the current state of the market economy.

There are a number of basic principles of the modern organization of finance of Russian enterprises (see Fig. 1). They were determined by summarizing foreign experience in organizing corporate finance, the experience of domestic enterprises, and analyzing the approaches of commercial banks to assessing the financial activities of their clients.

Fig.1. Principles of organizing finances of domestic enterprises

The implementation of these principles must be carried out when developing a financial strategy and organizing the financial management system of a particular enterprise. This should take into account:

- field of activity;

– industry affiliation;

– types of activities (export, import);

– organizational and legal forms of entrepreneurial activity.

Based on the objects and components of the financial strategy, proposals are developed for the formation of a specific enterprise strategy in several options (at least three). It should be noted that a quantitative assessment of the proposals and an assessment of the impact of these proposals on the structure of the enterprise’s balance sheet must be given.

When developing a financial strategy, you need to pay special attention to the completeness of identification of cash income, the mobilization of internal resources, the maximum reduction in production costs, whether profits are correctly distributed and used, the correct determination of working capital needs and whether the enterprise’s capital is used rationally. When developing a financial strategy, it is necessary to take into account the risk of non-payments, inflation surges and other force majeure (unforeseen) circumstances. Also, it must correspond to the assigned tasks and, if necessary, be adjusted and changed [2].

It should be noted that an integral part of the formation of a financial strategy is the development of internal standards that are successfully used in foreign enterprises. With their help, you can determine, for example, ways of income distribution.

Thus, we can summarize that the successful result of an enterprise’s financial strategy is ensured when the theory and practice of the strategy are mutually balanced. And also success will be observed when financial strategic goals coincide with real economic and financial opportunities during the strict centralization of financial strategic management. It should also be noted that long-term planning as a management function means the desire to take into account in advance all external and internal factors that provide normal conditions for the successful functioning and development of the enterprise. This planning can determine the creation of a set of measures with the help of which the procedure for achieving specially defined goals is established, while at the same time taking into account the possibility of the most efficient use of resources by each production unit and all enterprises.

Literature:

1. Vasilchenko M. / Enterprise planning (cheat sheet) - electronic version
2. Gryaznova A. G., E. V. Markina E. V. / Finance. Textbook / Finance and Statistics - 2012
3. Zemtsov A. A., Osipova T. Yu. / Financial planning in households. Textbook / Tomsk State Institute - 2014
4. Savkin R.V. / Enterprise planning: textbook / Dashkov and Co. / 2013 - electronic version

KFOR's long-term work plan for the year

Long-term work plan

Grushevsky House of Culture for 2022.

Strengthening the material and economic base

Director of KFOR Village Grushevsky N.I. Chasovskaya