Card file "Dynamic pauses for preschoolers"

How to simply and effectively develop coordination in children?

The secret is that coordination in children can only be developed through physical activity, so the simplest and most effective thing is not to limit your child’s physical activity and encourage it in every possible way!

Set up a sports corner at home, take your child to a sports section, to dancing, to a swimming pool, or to gymnastics or acrobatics. In winter - skiing and skating, sledding down hills - all this develops coordination of movements.

Exciting games for three-year-olds to develop dexterity and coordination.

What is neurogymnastics

Neurogymnastics for the brain in pedagogy refers to kinesiological exercises. Kinesiology (from the Greek “kinesis” - movement, “logos” - knowledge) is an applied science that helps develop the mental abilities of an individual through the performance of certain types of tasks. Kinesiology helps to develop both hemispheres of the brain in a balanced way.

Neurogymnastics for children

How did this technique come about?

After conducting scientific research, it turned out that certain physical exercises have a beneficial effect on the development of intelligence.

Note! Soon, scientists managed to create a new system, the “Kinesthetic Process,” aimed at optimizing brain activity through physical exercise.

American psychologists Paul and Gail Dennison worked on the creation of a new neurogymnastics program - “Exercises for children from 3 years old”. The main task is to activate the natural mechanisms of the brain through properly selected physical exercises.

What it is?

Dynamic gymnastics

– a relatively new method of early childhood development. To understand its meaning, you should know that traditional gymnastics for children of the first year of life, which we described in the previous section, is sometimes called static or passive - the child simply lies on the table, and the adult performs certain manipulations with his arms and legs, and does this extremely carefully. This type of gymnastics has a “distant relative” – dynamic gymnastics, which is sometimes also called corrective gymnastics or baby yoga. Its main difference from the traditional one is the greater amount of movement (dynamics), which involves the inclusion of the child’s vestibular apparatus. Dynamic gymnastics involves not only the child’s arms and legs, but also his entire body, with which the adult performs various active manipulations. In this case, the child is not in a supine position, but in a variety of different ones - hanging, “flying,” turning over.

Many coaches and parents consider the terms “dynamic gymnastics” and “baby yoga” to be synonymous, but some experts clearly separate them from each other. In their opinion, baby yoga is strongly associated with yogic poses and exercises (asanas), so not parents, but only yoga trainers should do it with their child.

How did it come about?

There are opposing views on the question of the origin of dynamic gymnastics. Most experts consider it a “young” method: as a method of physical development of a child, it became known in our country only in the 1980s thanks to Western publications that described dynamic gymnastics complexes. It was in these books that the English term “baby yoga” was used, which became entrenched in the Russian language. Proponents of the use of dynamic gymnastics were the famous teachers, wife Nikitina and I.B. Charkovsky, who promoted this method.

Sometimes the history of dynamic gymnastics is traced back to the Russian folk tradition: it is known that village midwives often independently set the bones of newborns, adjusted the cervical and spinal vertebrae, and for this they twisted and shook the children. But it should be remembered that they did this only with babies injured during childbirth, and not with all children, as advocates of modern dynamic gymnastics suggest. There is also an opinion that the origins of this method should be sought in the Ancient East: similar exercises were part of the training complex of Japanese ninjas.

Why is this necessary?

Dynamic gymnastics instructors and parents involved in it believe that the main goal of these exercises is to reveal the potential inherent in the child’s body, to give nature the opportunity to realize its evolutionary programs, and to influence the timing at which the child begins to sit up and walk. In addition, the baby gets an idea of the structure of his body, how it works, tenses, relaxes and rests, what its capabilities are and where their limits are.

Thanks to dynamic gymnastics, the child learns about spatial coordinates (up, down, changing direction of movement), rhythm and arrhythmia, speed, etc. All this increases the child’s physical and mental stability, his ability to adapt to the world around him, and builds self-confidence.

Moreover, comprehensive strengthening of the body naturally stimulates the development of the immune system, and therefore children are less likely to get sick. The child grows up more energetic, mobile, and active. He has excellent coordination, quick reactions, good appetite and good sleep.

Dynamic gymnastics classes contribute to effective training of the musculoskeletal system, activate metabolic processes, stimulate the functioning of internal organs, develop coordination of movements and the vestibular apparatus. The unique prevention of childhood injuries is also important - dynamic gymnastics strengthens joints and develops the child’s ability to adequately respond with the body in a traumatic situation. An older child has more complete control of his body, and therefore falls are not very dangerous for him.

What develops with the help of dynamic gymnastics?

Musculoskeletal system.

Dynamic gymnastics is an excellent tool for correcting muscle tone in a newborn. Everyone knows well that for several months after the birth of a child, the child is in the so-called “intrauterine” position - with bent arms and legs. This is due to increased tone of the flexor muscles, which, in turn, stems from the uncoordinated work of various areas of the brain at this stage of life. Dynamic gymnastics helps the child’s body harmonize and streamline the processes of excitation and inhibition, relieves excess muscle tone. It promotes the harmonious development of the entire musculoskeletal system, especially the spine, as it helps the child feel his body and learn to control it.

In a newborn baby, the bones, joints, and ligaments are still very weak. Using dynamic gymnastics, parents “sculpt” the child’s body with their own hands. They can eliminate various asymmetries, clubfoot, and torticollis at the earliest, even undiagnosed stages.

Digestive system.

By massaging and strengthening the child’s abdominal wall, exercises from the dynamic gymnastics complex activate intestinal motility, help with constipation, and relieve gases from the intestines.

Cardiovascular and immune systems.

Active movement, which dynamic gymnastics is aimed at, increases blood circulation in the body, and therefore strengthens the cardiovascular and immune systems. The body adapts to stress, and therefore to the stressful effects of environmental changes.

Psyche.

Psychologists believe that the experience of childbirth is extremely important for the further development of a person, the formation of such qualities as determination, endurance, and patience in achieving goals. Therefore, some experts strongly recommend dynamic gymnastics to those children who were deprived of the experience of natural birth and were born by cesarean section. Such gymnastics accustoms the child’s body (and therefore the psyche) to withstand increased, threshold loads, and to develop adaptive stability.

How to do this?

The main rule of dynamic gymnastics is absolute mutual understanding between an adult and a child. The parent must understand the baby at the level of touch and sensation; Only by deeply feeling the child’s condition, his mood, and understanding whether he wants to continue classes, parents can count on the child’s complete trust in their actions.

The second rule is no less important: you should start training with the simplest exercises, gradually, week after week, increasing the pace, amplitude and time of training.

And some more tips

1. Never do anything you are not sure of yourself. If you feel that the exercise is not very clear or it seems dangerous to you, do not do it, it is better to carefully read the description again, practice on a doll, or consult with a dynamic gymnastics instructor.

2. Never overpower the child’s active protest, his resistance to increasing loads and complicating movements. If such resistance appears, stay at the achieved stage or even return to the exercises of an earlier period.

3. If during a lesson the baby’s body suddenly became very tense and he clenched his fists, it means that he was very scared. As quickly as possible, pick up your baby and hold him close before he screams. If such a fear occurs again during one session, it is necessary to slow down the pace, choose simpler and gentler exercises, and reduce the amplitude and speed of movements.

4. The key to the success of classes is an understanding and friendly atmosphere. If your relatives and friends do not approve of the dynamic gymnastics method, do not do gymnastics in their presence. Their negative emotions have a bad effect not only on the adult’s condition, but also on the child’s well-being.

When to start?

Instructor recommendations regarding the age at which classes should begin vary. There is an opinion that it is necessary to start dynamic gymnastics as early as possible, a week after the birth of the child. This view is based on the following consideration: the later you start classes, the more “fixed” the child’s ligaments and muscles are and the harder it will be to stretch and strengthen them. In addition, the child’s weight is constantly increasing, which means that the load on both the child’s and the parent’s body increases.

Proponents of a different opinion prefer to start classes at two months, when the child has already recovered from the stress of birth and adapted to the world around him.

Where, when and with whom to study?

Dynamic gymnastics classes are conducted at home, preferably in a room that is as large and free from furniture as possible. In summer, you can conduct classes outdoors, but away from traumatic objects (trees, poles, etc.). The air temperature during classes should be 22-25 ° C or lower (for hardened children).

You can perform all the exercises one after another, during one session, or you can divide them into several groups and perform them several times during the day. Some instructors offer a whole “health” ritual: after waking up, the child is given a massage, then dynamic gymnastics, then he swims in the bath and ends his morning with a douche.

Most often, in families practicing dynamic gymnastics, the father performs the exercises with the child - it is not so easy for the mother to frequently toss and twist the child.

Classes are held daily, during the child’s greatest activity and wakefulness, but not earlier than an hour after meals.

How to prepare for dynamic gymnastics?

The adult who will be working with the child should dress as loosely as possible so as not to restrict his movements. The child is naked, his body does not need to be lubricated with anything, but the adult’s hands should be warm and soft - for this they can be softened with a scrub cream.

Exercises must be preceded by a warm-up: traditional massage techniques - rubbing, kneading, passive exercises for the arms and legs. To establish good contact with a child, it is reasonable to start dynamic gymnastics with the simplest forms of tactile communication: slow and calm touching and stroking his body in all directions.

Dynamic exercises

There are several options for dynamic gymnastics complexes: some exercises are quite simple and gentle, others look extreme. It is important that almost all exercises are not performed on a table. An adult holds the child by two or one arm, two or one leg, and wraps his arms around his body. The main movements are hanging, swinging, spinning, “inverted” exercises (upside down), tossing and even throwing onto an adult’s arm, shoulder or hip.

The simplest exercises of dynamic gymnastics are elementary hangings and swaying. To do this, you need to take the lying child by the hands, put your thumbs in his palms and, gradually pulling the arms, lift him so that he hangs freely, held by the hands. Then the child just hangs - first the adult holds him by both hands, then by one hand, then by the other. Repeat the same, holding him by one, the other and both legs. And then rock the child in the same positions - from side to side, up and down. Other basic exercises are spreading the arms of a hanging child to the sides, partially transferring the weight from one hand to the other; small rotations around a vertical axis.

Exercise 1. “Pendulum”

Lift your baby by the arms and swing him from side to side, transferring weight from one hand to the other, gradually increasing the range of movements. Without transferring weight, rock back and forth and rotate around the vertical axis in each direction in turn (Fig. 27, 28).

Rice. 27

Rice. 28

Exercise 2. “Bird”

Starting position – the baby hangs on the arms. Spread them apart with an energetic upward movement of the torso, as if he were flapping his wings (Fig. 29).

Rice. 29

Exercise 3. Training the abs

Hold your baby's back against your stomach. Hold him by his straightened knees with one hand, and support him in the chest area with the other. Slowly tilt and straighten your baby so that he tenses his abdominal, back and leg muscles and tries to stay upright.

Exercise 4. Twist and twist

Starting position – an adult holds the child by two legs, facing away from him. Make several rotational movements around the vertical axis - first clockwise, then counter-clockwise (Fig. 30).

Rice. thirty

Exercise 5. “Monkey”

Starting position – an adult holds the child by the left leg and right hand. He lifts it a little and shakes it. Then he changes his arm and leg and repeats the movement. Then the exercise is repeated using symmetrical limbs (the adult holds the child by the left arm and left leg, then by the right arm and right leg).

Exercise 6. “Cross”

The arms of a hanging child are energetically moved to the sides, while his body is moved upward. When the arms return to their original position, the baby returns to the hanging position.

Exercise 7. Casts

The beginning of the exercise is similar to the “Pendulum” exercise, but while swinging, the amplitude of movements gradually increases so much that the child’s legs are higher than his head. At the same time, the adult’s hand, loaded with the weight of the child, approaches, and the other hand moves away from the chest, the forearms cross, and the baby’s body is thrown over the hand from the outside and lies with its stomach across the forearm (Fig. 31).

This is followed by a return to the original hang and a cast in the other direction.

Rice. 31

Exercise 8. Side scrolls

When, when performing the “Pendulum” exercise, the child’s body is in a horizontal position, and the arms are extended up and down almost vertically, the elbow of the adult’s “upper” arm rises, and the child’s legs are held in a swinging motion between the parent’s arms (Fig. 32). After completing one rotation, you should repeat the same movement in the other direction.

Rice. 32

Exercise 9. Straight scrolls

Rocking the child hanging in his arms back and forth, the adult helps him perform a back somersault between the parents' arms. In the final phase of the movement, you need to rotate your wrists, reducing the twisting load on the baby’s arms (Fig. 33).

Rice. 33

To return to the starting position, you should either release one of the child's hands or do a somersault in the opposite direction. This exercise is initially done by two adults, one of whom slowly guides the child along the entire trajectory of movement, and then fixes his body in an intermediate position, resting the child’s legs on his chest.

Exercise 10. Re-rolls

Starting position – the child is hanging in his arms. Gradually increasing the amplitude of rocking back and forth, the adult, with a wide movement, throws the child over his head and lowers him behind his back (Fig. 34). At the same time, at the top point of the trajectory the child already completely loses speed. The descent to a vertical position behind your back should be very soft. To protect your child from hitting an adult’s back, you should arch your back and bend your knees slightly. To return to the starting position, you must either make a movement in the opposite direction or carry the child over your shoulder.

Rice. 34

What is needed for that?

The results of dynamic gymnastics classes primarily depend on the degree of mutual understanding between parents and child. If you do not understand the shades of your child’s mood, cannot determine whether he wants to eat, sleep or play, do not take up dynamic gymnastics. Only if the parent deeply feels the child’s condition, his mood, understands whether the child has a desire to study, only in this case can he count on the child’s complete trust in his actions, and therefore on the success of the lessons. It is desirable that the child perceives dynamic gymnastics as a fun and exciting game, and for this he needs constant dialogue with an adult.

It is very useful to see how others do it before starting classes - to attend instructions at pregnancy training centers or early child development centers. If among your friends there are those who practice dynamic gymnastics, try to see how they do it - “it’s better to see once than to hear a hundred times.”

When choosing a place for gymnastics, clear it of furniture, try to minimize the risk that the child will touch any object.

Where can I find out more about this?

Since dynamic gymnastics is a “young” method, there are not very many publications about it. We can recommend the book by L. Kitaev and M. Trunov “Ecology of Infancy”. A large number of exercises and tips can be found on the Internet. And it is best to undergo special training in courses at centers for preparing pregnant women for childbirth.

Personal opinion: PROS and CONS

FOR: Irina K., dynamic gymnastics instructor

Dynamic gymnastics leads to such excellent results that it cancels out all other techniques - massage, regular gymnastics and exercises for the development of the vestibular apparatus. I have been promoting “dynamics” for more than ten years; hundreds of children have passed through my hands. And from my own experience I can state: when carried out correctly, such gymnastics is completely safe. She reveals to children their most important wealth - their own body, teaches them to feel its limitless possibilities and receive great joy from owning their body.

AGAINST: Konstantin U., pediatrician

I cannot prohibit anyone from doing dynamic gymnastics, but as a doctor I can categorically state that this is not a method of early development, but of early deformation of children. All medical textbooks tell how fragile and weak the bones, muscles, and ligaments of babies are, and how carefully they should be handled. And these are not the inventions of armchair scientists!!! In no traditional culture in the world will you find exercises with tosses, twists and other tricks. I have worked several times with children who were abused by their parents using dynamic gymnastics. These innocent kids had sprained ligaments and muscles, damaged bones, and I’m not even talking about mental trauma.

FOR: Valenina F., private family doctor

Almost all the families I observe practice dynamic gymnastics from a very early age. I myself deliver births to my patients, at home, and a few hours after birth I do the first exercises with the newborn - several yogic asanas, tosses, twists, and dousing with cold water. Children usually do not protest, and parents who are prepared in advance do not either. And then the parents do dynamic gymnastics with the child every day. All my little patients are healthy and are significantly ahead of their peers in their development. At 6-8 months they begin to walk, at the age of one year they begin to talk, they are very sociable, active, and inquisitive. Yes, official medicine categorically denies such exercises; but many folk remedies and oriental medicine contradict our “state” science!

AGAINST: Igor B., child psychologist

Dynamic gymnastics is too young a method to draw clear conclusions. No one knows what will happen to the children who passed through it in 20, 30, 50 years. Maybe if experienced and trained people worked with the kids, there would be fewer mistakes. But today, many families do not help the child, but harm him. Even if the child does not receive any bodily harm during the activities, serious harm is caused to the child’s psyche. More than once I have seen children who had no natural fear of heights and were not afraid of falling, precisely as a result of dynamic gymnastics classes in infancy. One of these patients, at the age of 15, jumped from the fifth floor - he simply did not feel any danger in it. He remained disabled for the rest of his life, and we, psychologists, had to correct the mistakes made by his parents in infancy.

FOR: Ekaterina A., mother of two children

I think that dynamic gymnastics is an extremely useful thing. I did this with my two children from the age of two weeks until I could still hold them up. It develops motor skills well, strengthens the muscular system, relieves tone, and helps with colic. My Mila started standing at four months, and after another two months she began to walk. She loves to jump, run, swim, movement is her element. The second child, Kostya, flew up to the ceiling for the first time in the maternity hospital and was in a yogic pose. He really liked it, he never cried during the “dynamics” classes and is significantly ahead of his peers in his development.

AGAINST: Olga E., mother of 5-year-old Nastya

I became acquainted with dynamic gymnastics at a school for pregnant women - I liked it. When Nastya was born, I invited the instructor home; for an hour and a half he showed what and how to do directly on the child. The next day she began to sleep very poorly and cry a lot. Then another trembling of the hands was added. I did gymnastics with her for several weeks and quit. Gradually, sleep returned to normal, but we are still regular patients of the neurologist. Nastya is very anxious, restless, capricious, and the reason for this, in my opinion, is dynamic gymnastics. My friends encountered another negative effect. Everything was fine with their child until he was 6 years old, but then he developed some kind of pathological love for attractions, even the most extreme ones. Apparently, the need for an increased dose of adrenaline, instilled in infancy, makes itself felt. And what this will lead to next is scary to think.

When not to do this

Dynamic gymnastics classes are absolutely contraindicated if the child has been diagnosed with hip dysplasia, increased muscle tone, increased range of motion in the joints and genetic diseases in the joints. Since these diseases can only be diagnosed by an orthopedic doctor or neurologist, and a routine examination of the child by these specialists is usually carried out at the age of one month, then if you decide to start dynamic gymnastics before one month of age, be sure to show the baby to the doctors. You should also not do gymnastics if you have increased intracranial pressure or uncompensated heart disease.

Classes should be stopped immediately if the child cries, if trembling of the arms and legs and other signs of abnormalities appear.

Complexes of morning exercises and dynamic breaks for preschoolers in kindergarten on the topic: Winter

Complexes of morning exercises and dynamic breaks for preschoolers (winter themes)
Author: Olga Valerievna Mastina, teacher of the MBDOU "Child Development Center - Kindergarten "Luchik" in Michurinsk Description of the material: this selection on winter topics is addressed to a wide range of teachers: preschool teachers, speech therapists , physical education instructors, music workers, primary school teachers. Can be used as morning exercises and physical education (with a slight simplification)

Morning exercise complex

"Herringbone"

1.
Walking and running in circles. Finish with walking. Formation in a circle. In the white snowy winter, we will go with you to the forest. Now we walk, now we run - You and I are hurrying into the forest. 2. General developmental exercises: 1. There was a Christmas tree in the forest, growing every year. (Hands down. Sit down, stand up, raise your arms to the sides above your head. Repeat 4-5 times.) 2. Touch its branches, make friends with our Christmas tree. (I. p.: the same. Stretch your arms forward, lower them. Repeat 4-5 times.) 3. We hide under the tree, We are not afraid of the wolf. (Sit down, cover your face with your hands, return to IP. Repeat 4-5 times.) 4. If we freeze, it’s no problem, We’ll jump then. (Jumping. Repeat 4-5 times.) 3. Calm walking. Breathing exercises. It's good in the forest in winter.
It's just time for us to go home. Morning exercise complex

"Winter"

1
. Walking and running in circles. Finish with walking. Formation in a circle. Oh, winter, winter, winter, snowy winter has come. 2. General developmental exercises:
1.
Look out the window, my friend, It’s a snowball falling. (Stretch your arms forward, “play” with your fingers, return to I.p.. Repeat 4-5 times) 2. The little kitty looks out the window, Everything around is white - white. (Lying on your stomach, chin on outstretched arms. Raise your head, look forward, return to IP) 3. Birds, fly to us. I will give grains to the birds. (Sit down, tap your knees with your index finger, return to IP. Repeat 4-5 times.) 4. Sparrow - sparrow, Don’t be cold, jump quickly! (8-10 jumps. Repeat 3 times, alternating with walking) 3. Calm walking. Game exercise “Who can walk quietly.” We walk carefully, we won't fall in the snow. We don't even care about ice. We're going carefully.

Dynamic pause

“New Year's round dance”
New Year, new year Invites you to a round dance. Gather at the edge of the forest in the fur coat of a gray animal. Our little gray bunny is dancing merrily. The gray mouse waves its paw. The gray wolf stands with his hands on his side. A gray kitten catches a ball. And the gray elephant stomps loudly and loudly. After the dance he bows to everyone. Children perform movements according to the text as shown by the teacher.

Outdoor game

“Winter has come”
Snow, frost, winter has come and brought joy to the children. We glide on ice on skates, we want to make a swallow! We got on our skis and picked up our poles. Now watch out, the sled is going down the hill. We're going, we're going, we're sledding. At the turn, wow, we fell! Bang! Children perform actions according to the text: clap their hands; “skating”, spinning, doing a swallow; show how to ski; raising their arms high, they squat and lower their arms; sit on the carpet, swaying from side to side in the rhythm of the text, and on the last word “fall” on their side.

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How to stimulate the development of coordination in children?

For exercises designed to develop the cerebellum, an important factor is the novelty of the actions; variety will enhance the development of this organ.

Exercises to develop coordination are divided into two types - the first are performed statically, the second are performed dynamically.

For each age, select exercises that your child can perform. Below we present basic exercises - you can make them more difficult or easier depending on the age and skills of your child.

For exercises designed to develop the cerebellum, an important factor is the novelty of the actions; variety will enhance the development of this organ.

Exercises to develop coordination are divided into two types - the first are performed statically, the second are performed dynamically.

For each age, select exercises that your child can perform. Below we present basic exercises - you can make them more difficult or easier depending on the age and skills of your child.

Fading games:

Turn on the music and dance with your baby; when the music turns off, you need to freeze in the position you were in. This is a fun and simple game, make it more difficult by lengthening the freeze time.

Balance games:

Heron. Stand on one leg, who can do it longer? What if the heron also decided to catch a frog?

Martin. Standing on one leg, lift the other and pull it back, behind the body, arms to the sides, bend your body parallel to the floor. Who can plan like a swallow longer?

Yoga. There are a lot of static asanas in yoga practice; you can borrow the ones that are most accessible to you and do them with your child.

Dynamic games

Games with a sudden change of action or direction:

At your command, the child should suddenly change the direction of running, or begin performing another movement. You yourself can be a guide, and the baby repeats after you.

Balance games:

Balance. Walk smoothly on a plank or stick; you can balance using your hands.

Border. Walking along the curbs in the yard is great for developing balance!

Log. A more difficult version of the curb - walk along a log that lies on the ground, then you can make it more difficult by raising the log higher, and the most difficult option is to walk along a swinging log.

Fitball. Exercises on unstable surfaces develop coordination very well.

Lying on the fitball, release your arms and legs, trying not to roll off the ball. Make the task more difficult - lie on the fitball with your back.

Trampoline. Jumping on a trampoline also develops dynamic coordination.

Swing. Children love to swing on swings, believe me, this simple activity has benefits!

master class dynamic pauses for preschool children