Seminar-workshop “Health conservation is a priority task for the development and upbringing of a child in a preschool educational institution”
I recommend performing massage and self-massage 2-3 times a day during classes, physical exercises, and walks. Each exercise is performed 8 times: 4 times for the right and left hands. After each exercise, relaxing stroking and shaking of the hands should be done.
Since concrete-figurative thinking predominates in preschoolers, poetic texts have been invented for many massages.
Self-massage with clothespins. Using a clothespin, we alternately “bite” the nail phalanges on the stressed syllables of the verse: from the index finger to the little finger and back. After the first couplet - change hands. You need to check that the clothespins are not too tight.
The kitten bites hard - silly,
He thinks: this is not a finger, but a mouse.
- But I’m playing with you, baby!
- If you bite, I’ll tell you “shoo”!
Their content and rhythm are as close as possible to the nature of the movement itself, so that a specific image arises in the child. You should start with warming movements that make the muscles more pliable and the movements painless.
7.Active leisure (physical education, physical education holiday, musical leisure, “Health Day”). When spending leisure time and holidays, all children are involved in direct participation in various competitions, competitions, and enthusiastically perform motor tasks, while children behave more relaxed than in physical education classes, and this allows them to move without much stress. At the same time, those motor skills and abilities that they have already firmly mastered are used, so children display a kind of artistry and aesthetics in their movements. Physical education holidays and leisure activities are necessarily accompanied by music: this has a beneficial effect on the development of children’s sense of beauty, strengthens the ability to move to music, understand the nature of a musical work, and develops an ear for music and memory.
The kindergarten site has sports equipment that allows children to achieve maximum physical activity during a walk.
8. “A Minute of Playfulness” “A Minute of Mischief” awakens the motor imagination – the basis of creative, meaningful motor skills, which ensures the animation of children’s movements. By imitating various movements, the child naturally “transforms”
Minutes of pranks refer to technologies for the preservation and health of preschool children, used in educational activities.
9.Stretching
Stretching (from Latin stretch) is a set of exercises for stretching certain muscles, ligaments and tendons, useful and necessary for everyone, regardless of age and degree of development of flexibility, used in massage and physical therapy. Stretching increases motor activity, endurance, reduces emotional and mental stress, improves mood, creates a feeling of comfort and calm, and develops the body's natural resistance to various diseases. Elements of game stretching are used in educational activities.
Workshop “Health-saving technologies”
Ministry of Education and Youth Policy of the Stavropol Territory
STATE BUDGETARY INSTITUTION OF ADDITIONAL EDUCATION
"Regional Center for the Development of Creativity
children and youth named after Yu.A. Gagarin"
| I DEPEND Director of the State Budgetary Institution DO KCRTDiYu __________ G.V. Naidenko |
TEACHER SCHOOL
WORKSHOP
Health-saving technologies
Stavropol, 2013
Topic of the seminar - workshop
«
Health-saving technologies"
Target:
increase the level of knowledge of additional education teachers about health-saving technologies.
The following issues are considered:
Theoretical part:
1. The concept of “health”
2. Signs of individual health.
3. Definition of “healthy lifestyle”
4. Health-saving technologies are the basis of a person-oriented approach.
5. Main components of health-saving technology.
6. Functions of health-saving technology.
7.Types of technologies.
8. Classification of health-saving technologies.
9. Organization and conduct of classes taking into account health-saving technologies.
Practical part:
- Mastering original gymnastics (pronunciation of vowel sounds) Methodist
- Hygienic massage (biologically active points) Methodist
- Breathing exercises. Additional education teacher
- Exercises that calm the nervous system. Educational psychologist
Summarizing. Opinion exchange.
Health-saving technologies cannot be considered as an alternative to all other pedagogical technologies, since the goal of any pedagogical (educational) technology is to achieve one or another educational result in training, education, and development. Health preservation cannot act as the main and only goal of the educational process; it can only be a condition for achieving the main goal. The concept of health conservation refers to a qualitative characteristic of educational technology, showing to what extent the implementation of this technology solves the problem of preserving the health of subjects of the educational process (teachers, students). Or health preservation can act as a priority in the ideology and principles of pedagogical activity. Let's start with the definition of “health”.
There are more than 300 definitions of the concept of “health”. According to the World Health Organization, health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Physical health
– this is the perfection of self-regulation in the body, harmony of physiological processes, maximum adaptation to the environment (pedagogical definition); this is a state of growth and development of organs and systems of the body, the basis of which is morphological and functional reserves that provide adaptive reactions (medical definition).
Mental health
– this is a high consciousness, developed thinking, great internal and moral strength that encourages creative activity (pedagogical definition); this is a state of the mental sphere, the basis of which is the status of general mental comfort, an adequate behavioral response (medical definition).
Social health
is the health of society, as well as the environment for each person. Moral health is a complex of characteristics of the motivational and need-informational spheres in life, the basis of which is determined by the system of values, attitudes and motives of behavior of an individual in society.
Spiritual health
- a system of values and beliefs.
In characterizing the concept of “health,” both individual and social characteristics are used.
In relation to the individual, it reflects the quality of the organism’s adaptation to environmental conditions and represents the result of the process of interaction between man and the environment. Health is formed as a result of the interaction of external (natural and social) and internal (heredity, gender, age) factors.
Signs of individual health:
- Specific and nonspecific resistance to damaging factors
- Growth and Development Indicators
- Current functional state and potential (capabilities) of the body and personality
- Presence and level of any disease or developmental defect
- Level of moral-volitional and value-motivational attitudes
In this regard, a holistic view of individual health
can be presented in the form of
a four-component model
, in which the relationships of its various components are highlighted and their hierarchy is presented:
Somatic component
- the current state of the organs and systems of the human body, the basis of which is the biological program of individual development, mediated by the basic needs that dominate at various stages of ontogenetic development. These needs, firstly, are the trigger for human development, and secondly, they ensure the individualization of this process.
Physical component
- the level of growth and development of organs and systems of the body, the basis of which is morphophysiological and functional reserves that provide adaptive reactions.
Mental component
- a state of the mental sphere, the basis of which is a state of general mental comfort, providing an adequate behavioral response. This state is determined by both biological and social needs, as well as the possibilities of satisfying them.
Moral component
- a set of characteristics of the motivational and need-information sphere of life, the basis of which is determined by the system of values, attitudes and motives for an individual’s behavior in society. Moral health is mediated by human spirituality, as it is connected with the universal truths of goodness, love and beauty.
Such an identification of health components, to some extent arbitrary, however, allows, on the one hand, to show the multidimensionality of mutual influences of different manifestations of an individual’s functioning, and, on the other hand, to more fully characterize the various aspects of human life aimed at organizing an individual lifestyle.
Human health, first of all, depends on lifestyle. This style is personalized. It is determined by socio-economic factors, historical, national and religious traditions, beliefs, and personal inclinations. A healthy lifestyle combines everything that contributes to a person’s performance of professional, social, family and household functions in optimal health conditions and determines the direction of the individual’s efforts in maintaining and strengthening individual and public health.
Healthy lifestyle:
- favorable social environment;
- spiritual and moral well-being;
- optimal motor mode (culture of movement);
- hardening of the body;
- balanced diet;
- personal hygiene;
- giving up harmful addictions (smoking, drinking alcohol, drugs);
- positive emotions.
The given characteristics allow us to conclude that the culture of a healthy lifestyle of an individual is part of a person’s general culture, which reflects his systemic and dynamic state, conditioned by a certain level of special knowledge, physical culture, socio-spiritual values acquired as a result of upbringing and self-education, education, motivational and value orientation and self-education, embodied in practical life activities, as well as in physical and psychophysical health.
Health-saving technologies are implemented on the basis of a person-oriented approach. Carried out on the basis of personal development situations, they are among those vital factors through which students learn to live together and interact effectively. They assume the active participation of the student himself in mastering the culture of human relations, in the formation of health-preserving experience, which is acquired through the gradual expansion of the student’s sphere of communication and activity, the development of his self-regulation (from external control to internal self-control), the formation of self-awareness and an active life position based on education and self-education , formation of responsibility for one’s health, life and the health of other people.
According to V.V. Serikov, technology in any field is an activity that maximally reflects the objective laws of a given subject area, built in accordance with the logic of development of this area and therefore ensures the greatest correspondence of the result of the activity to the previously set goals for the given conditions. Following this methodological regulation, technology, in relation to the problem posed, can be defined as a health-saving pedagogical activity that builds a new relationship between education and upbringing, transfers education into the framework of a human-forming and life-supporting process aimed at preserving and increasing the child’s health. Health-saving pedagogical technologies should ensure the development of the child’s natural abilities: his mind, moral and aesthetic feelings, the need for activity, mastering the initial experience of communicating with people, nature, and art.
Health-shaping educational technologies, as defined by N.K. Smirnova, are all those psychological and pedagogical technologies, programs, methods that are aimed at nurturing in students a culture of health, personal qualities that contribute to its preservation and strengthening, the formation of an idea of health as a value, and motivation to lead a healthy lifestyle.
Health-saving technology, according to V.D. Sonkina, this is:
- conditions for a child’s education at school (lack of stress, adequacy of requirements, adequacy of teaching and upbringing methods);
- rational organization of the educational process (in accordance with age, gender, individual characteristics and hygiene requirements);
- compliance of educational and physical activity with the age capabilities of the child;
- necessary, sufficient and rationally organized motor mode.
By health-saving educational technology (Petrov) he understands a system that creates the maximum possible conditions for preserving, strengthening and developing the spiritual, emotional, intellectual, personal and physical health of all subjects of education (students, teachers, etc.). This system includes:
- Using data from monitoring the health status of students carried out by medical workers and their own observations in the process of implementing educational technology, its correction in accordance with the available data.
- Taking into account the characteristics of the age development of schoolchildren and developing an educational strategy that corresponds to the characteristics of memory, thinking, performance, activity, etc. students in this age group.
- Creation of a favorable emotional and psychological climate in the process of technology implementation.
- The use of various types of health-saving activities of students aimed at maintaining and increasing health reserves and working capacity (Petrov O.V.)
The main components of health-saving technology are
:
Axiological
, manifested in students’ awareness of the highest value of their health, the conviction of the need to lead a healthy lifestyle, which allows them to most fully achieve their goals and use their mental and physical capabilities. The implementation of the axiological component occurs on the basis of the formation of a worldview, a person’s internal beliefs that determine reflection and the appropriation of a certain system of spiritual, vital, medical, social and philosophical knowledge corresponding to the physiological and neuropsychological characteristics of age; knowledge of the laws of human mental development, his relationships with himself, nature, and the surrounding world. Thus, education as a pedagogical process is aimed at the formation of value-oriented attitudes towards health, health preservation and health creativity, built as an integral part of life values and worldview. In this process, a person develops an emotional and at the same time conscious attitude towards health, based on positive interests and needs.
Epistemological
, associated with the acquisition of knowledge and skills necessary for the process of health preservation, knowledge of oneself, one’s potential abilities and capabilities, interest in issues of one’s own health, in the study of literature on this issue, various methods for healing and strengthening the body. This occurs through the process of forming knowledge about the patterns of formation, preservation and development of human health, mastering the skills to maintain and improve personal health, assessing the factors that shape it, mastering knowledge about a healthy lifestyle and the skills to build it. This process is aimed at forming a system of scientific and practical knowledge, skills and habits of behavior in everyday activities that ensure a value-based attitude towards personal health and the health of others. All this orients the student towards the development of knowledge, which includes facts, information, conclusions, generalizations about the main directions of human interaction with himself, with other people and the world around him. They encourage a person to take care of his health, lead a healthy lifestyle, and anticipate and prevent possible negative consequences for his own body and lifestyle.
Health-saving,
including a system of values and attitudes that form a system of hygienic skills and abilities necessary for the normal functioning of the body, as well as a system of exercises aimed at improving the skills and abilities to care for oneself, clothing, place of residence, and the environment. A special role in this component is given to compliance with the daily routine, diet, alternation of work and rest, which helps prevent the formation of bad habits, functional disorders of diseases, includes mental hygiene and psychoprophylaxis of the educational process, the use of health-improving environmental factors and a number of specific methods of recovery weakened.
Emotionally-volitional,
which includes the manifestation of psychological mechanisms - emotional and volitional. Positive emotions are a necessary condition for maintaining health; experiences through which a person develops a desire to lead a healthy lifestyle. Will is a mental process of conscious control of activity, manifested in overcoming difficulties and obstacles on the way to a goal. A person, with the help of will, can regulate and self-regulate his health. Will is an extremely important component, especially at the beginning of health-improving activities, when a healthy lifestyle has not yet become an internal need of the individual, and qualitative and quantitative indicators of health are not yet clearly expressed. It is aimed at developing the experience of relationships between the individual and society. In this aspect, the emotional-volitional component forms such personality qualities as organization, discipline, duty, honor, and dignity. These qualities ensure the functioning of the individual in society and preserve the health of both the individual and the entire team.
Ecological,
taking into account the fact that man as a biological species exists in the natural environment, which provides the human person with certain biological, economic and production resources. In addition, it ensures her physical health and spiritual development. Awareness of the existence of the human person in unity with the biosphere reveals the dependence of physical and mental health on environmental conditions. Consideration of the natural environment as a prerequisite for personal health allows us to introduce into the content of health education the formation of skills and abilities to adapt to environmental factors. Unfortunately, the ecological environment of educational institutions is not always favorable for the health of students. Communication with the natural world contributes to the development of humanistic forms and rules of behavior in the natural environment, micro- and macro-society. At the same time, the natural environment surrounding the school is a powerful healing factor.
physical education and health
The component presupposes knowledge of methods of activity aimed at increasing physical activity and preventing physical inactivity. In addition, this component of the content of education ensures the hardening of the body and high adaptive capabilities. The physical education and health component is aimed at mastering personally important life qualities that increase overall performance, as well as personal and public hygiene skills.
Functions of health-saving technology:
- formative, carried out on the basis of biological and social laws of personality formation. The formation of personality is based on hereditary qualities that predetermine individual physical and mental properties. The formative influence on the individual is complemented by social factors, the situation in the family, the classroom, attitudes towards preserving and increasing health as the basis for the functioning of the individual in society, educational activities, and the natural environment;
- informative and communicative, ensures the broadcast of the experience of leading a healthy lifestyle, the continuity of traditions, value orientations that form a caring attitude towards individual health, the value of each human life;
- diagnostic, consists of monitoring the development of students on the basis of predictive control, which makes it possible to measure the efforts and direction of the teacher’s actions in accordance with the natural capabilities of the child, provides an instrumentally verified analysis of the prerequisites and factors for the future development of the pedagogical process, individual passage of the educational route by each child;
- adaptive, educating students to focus on health, a healthy lifestyle, optimizing the state of their own body and increasing resistance to various types of stress factors in the natural and social environment. It ensures the adaptation of schoolchildren to socially significant activities.
- reflexive, consists of rethinking previous personal experience, preserving and increasing health, which allows you to compare the actually achieved results with the prospects.
- integrative, unites folk experience, various scientific concepts and educational systems, guiding them along the path of preserving the health of the younger generation.
Technology types:
Health-preserving (preventive vaccinations, ensuring physical activity, vitamin supplementation, organizing a healthy diet);
Wellness (physical training, physiotherapy, aromatherapy, hardening, gymnastics, massage, herbal medicine, art therapy);
Health education technologies (inclusion of relevant topics in general education subjects);
Fostering a culture of health (optional classes for the development of students’ personalities, extracurricular and extracurricular activities, festivals, competitions, etc.).
Classification of health-saving technologies
By the nature of their activities, health-saving technologies can be either private (highly specialized) or complex (integrated).
By area of activity, private health-preserving technologies are distinguished: medical (technologies for disease prevention; correction and rehabilitation of somatic health; sanitary and hygienic activities); educational, promoting health (information, training and educational); social (technologies for organizing a healthy and safe lifestyle; prevention and correction of deviant behavior); psychological (technologies for prevention and psychocorrection of mental disorders of personal and intellectual development).
Integrated health-saving technologies include: technologies for complex disease prevention, correction and rehabilitation of health (physical education, health and valeology); educational technologies that promote health; technologies that shape healthy lifestyle.
When organizing and conducting a lesson, the teacher must take into account:
- The environment and hygienic conditions in the classroom (office): temperature and freshness of the air, rational lighting of the classroom and the board, the presence/absence of monotonous, unpleasant sound stimuli, etc.;
- The average duration and frequency of alternation of various types of educational activities. The approximate norm is 7-10 minutes;
- Number of types of teaching: verbal, visual, audiovisual, independent work, etc. The norm is at least three;
- Alternating types of teaching. The norm is no later than 10-15 minutes;
- The presence and choice of place in the lesson of methods that promote the activation of initiative and creative self-expression of the students themselves. These are methods such as the method of free choice (free conversation, choice of a method of action, choice of a method of interaction; freedom of creativity, etc.); active methods (students in the role of teacher, action learning, group discussion, role play, discussion, seminar, student as researcher); methods aimed at self-knowledge and development (intelligence, emotions, communication, imagination, self-esteem and mutual esteem);
- The place and duration of the use of TSO (in accordance with hygienic standards), the teacher’s ability to use them as opportunities to initiate discussion, discussion;
- Students’ poses, alternating poses;
- Physical education minutes and other recreational moments in the lesson - their place, content and duration. The norm is for a 15-20 minute lesson, 1 minute of 3 light exercises with three repetitions of each exercise;
- The presence of students' motivation for learning activities in the lesson (interest in classes, the desire to learn more, joy from activity, interest in the material being studied, etc.) and the methods used by the teacher to increase this motivation;
- The presence of issues related to health and a healthy lifestyle in the content of the lesson; demonstration, tracing of these connections; developing an attitude towards a person and his health as a value; developing an understanding of the essence of a healthy lifestyle; formation of the need for a healthy lifestyle; developing an individual way of safe behavior, communicating to students knowledge about the possible consequences of their choice of behavior, etc.;
- Psychological climate in the classroom
- The presence of emotional releases in the lesson: jokes, smiles, aphorisms with comments, etc.
Practical part
ORIGINAL GYMNASTICS
Part of the gymnastics is based on the pronunciation of vowel sounds. According to the ancient Indians, it is the drawn-out pronunciation of vowels, with a kind smile on the face, that has a positive effect on the formation of the body.
1. Difficult environmental conditions make it especially necessary to massage the thyroid gland, which can be performed as follows.
Sit comfortably. Relax, calm down. Pronounce the sound [a] evenly, slowly, at the same height.
Pronouncing the sound [i] under the same conditions activates the brain and normalizes kidney function.
Pronouncing the sound [o] puts the middle part of the chest in order.
Alternating sounds [o], [and] massages the heart.
2. The exercises of the second group include the so-called hygienic massage.
It improves blood and lymph circulation, normalizes metabolism, helps relieve muscle tension on the face, neck, and hands.
Massage is also preventive in nature against colds, sore throats, and cataracts of the upper respiratory tract.
Using the pads of the index fingers of both hands, we draw under the eyes, pressing lightly, from the bridge of the nose to the ears. Repeat 5 times.
Let's move the backs of our right and left palms 7 times from the chin to the sides.
Open your mouth, pull your upper and lower lips tightly over your teeth at the same time, and then bite them lightly. Repeat 5 times.
3. For the correct orientation of breathing, motor exercises are carried out with the names: “Blow out a candle”, “Catch a mosquito”, “Warm your hands”, “Lily”, etc.
“Catch a mosquito”: Spread your arms to the sides. Imagine you are catching a mosquito. Slowly bring your hands together so as not to scare him. While doing this, continuously pronounce the sound [z]. Swat a mosquito and quickly spread your arms - you get an automatic sigh.
4. Another group of exercises consists of techniques that calm the nervous system and relieve tension. In this case, the teacher’s voice and inner peace are especially important. At the same time, maximum attention should be paid to the color of your voice and the pace of pronunciation of words.
"After the Storm": Close your eyes. You are in the forest. The thunderstorm has passed. It has rained, the wet leaves on the birches are glistening. There are silver drops on the grass. The forest smells so good! How easy it is to breathe! Here are lilies of the valley - inhale their wonderful smell. Inhale slowly, evenly, deeply.
SYSTEM OF ACUTE MASSAGE ACCORDING TO UMAN
Professor Alla Alekseevna Umanskaya has developed a system of acupressure of biologically active human zones. Systematic exposure to them strengthens the immune system, harmonizes the body and even improves intellectual abilities. I would like to learn how to do a similar massage in my family.
Biologically active zones:
Zone 1. Associated with the mucous membrane of the trachea, bronchi, and also with the bone marrow of the sternum. As a result of exposure, cough, chest pain disappears, and hematopoiesis is normalized
Zone 2. Associated with the tracheal mucosa and the thymus gland, the central organ of the immune system. When exposed to it, resistance to infectious diseases increases
Zone 3. Associated with the mucous membrane of the larynx, pharynx, carotid glomus and thyroid gland. When exposed to these areas, the chemical and hormonal composition of the blood is regulated, the voice improves, and hoarseness disappears
Zone 4. Connected with the posterior wall of the pharynx, with the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion, which regulates the activity of all vessels of the head, neck and torso. Vegetative-vascular tone is normalized. Headaches and dizziness go away
Zone 5. Associated with the stellate autonomic ganglion, which innervates the vessels of the trachea, bronchi, heart and thymus
Zone 6. Associated with the mucous membrane of the middle ear and the vestibular apparatus. When exposed to these areas, the ears stop hurting, hearing improves, speech development accelerates, stuttering is prevented and dizziness in transport and on swings is reduced
Zone 7. Associated with the mucous membranes of the frontal sinuses of the ethmoid bones of the nose, as well as the frontal parts of the brain. Headache and strabismus are reduced. Improves memory, attention, and ability to work
Zone 8. Associated with the mucous membranes of the maxillary sinuses and nasal cavity, as well as with the stem structures of the brain and pituitary gland. This is the “life zone”. When exposed to it, breathing becomes free. Improves mood, behavior, character, normalizes height and weight
Zone 9. The human hands are connected through the superior cervical and stellate sympathetic ganglia to all organs. The thumb and index finger occupy the largest surface area in the cerebral cortex. Impact on the hand zones leads to the normalization of many body functions and enhances the work of all of the above zones
