Objectives of education and training in the preparatory group

TASKS OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN A PREPARATORY GROUP

Continue the comprehensive education and development of children, strengthen their health, and improve physical development. Develop cognitive interests, cultivate sustained attention, observation, develop interest in educational activities and the desire to study at school. Develop the ability to analyze and synthesize, self-control, and self-assessment when performing work. Based on expanding knowledge about the environment, cultivate patriotic and international feelings, love for the native land, the Motherland. To reinforce the idea that people of different nationalities live peacefully in our country. Continue to develop labor skills and abilities, cultivate diligence. Continue to improve all aspects of speech; teach children to use both short and common forms of answer, depending on the nature of the question posed, and to complement the statements of their comrades. Prepare children to learn to read and write. Continue to develop phonemic awareness and speech sound analysis skills. To develop the artistic and creative abilities of children in various types of artistic activities. Develop aesthetic perception, sense of rhythm, aesthetic appreciation, artistic taste, aesthetic attitude towards the environment, art and artistic activity. Continue to develop an interest in classical and folk art (musical, visual arts, literature, architecture). Develop organization, discipline, collectivism, respect for elders, caring attitude towards children, the ability and desire to independently unite for joint play and work, to help each other, evaluate the activities of peers kindly. Continue to develop skills in educational activities: listen carefully to the teacher, act according to the plan he proposes, as well as independently plan your actions, carry out the assigned mental task, and correctly evaluate the results of your activities.

Preparatory group for school (from six to seven years old). Age-related characteristics of children's mental development

In role-playing games, children of the seventh year of life

begin to master complex interactions between people, reflecting characteristic significant life situations, for example, a wedding, the birth of a child, illness, employment, etc.

Game actions become more complex and take on a special meaning that is not always revealed to adults. The playing space is becoming more complex. It can have several centers, each of which supports its own storyline. At the same time, children are able to monitor the behavior of partners throughout the playing space and change their behavior depending on their place in it. Thus, the child already addresses the seller not just as a buyer, but as a buyer-mother or buyer-driver, etc. The performance of a role is emphasized not only by the role itself, but also by the part of the playing space in which this role is played. For example, playing the role of a bus driver, a child commands passengers and obeys the traffic police inspector. If the logic of the game requires the emergence of a new role, then the child can take on a new role during the game, while maintaining the role taken previously. Children can comment on the performance of the role by one or another participant in the game.

Images from surrounding life and literary works conveyed by children in visual activities become more complex. The drawings become more detailed and their color range is enriched. The differences between the drawings of boys and girls become more obvious. Boys willingly depict technology, space, military operations, etc. Girls usually draw female images: princesses, ballerinas, models, etc. Everyday scenes are also common: mother and daughter, room, etc. With the right pedagogical approach Children develop artistic and creative abilities in visual arts.

The image of a person becomes even more detailed and proportional. Fingers, eyes, mouth, nose, eyebrows, chin appear. Clothing can be decorated with various details. Children in the pre-school group have largely mastered construction using building materials. They are fluent in generalized methods of analyzing both images and buildings; not only analyze the main design features of various parts, but also determine their shape based on the similarity with familiar three-dimensional objects. Free buildings become symmetrical and proportional, their construction is carried out on the basis of visual orientation. Children quickly and correctly select the necessary material. They quite accurately imagine the sequence in which the construction will be carried out, and the material that will be needed to complete it; are able to carry out constructions of varying degrees of complexity, both according to their own plans and conditions.

At this age, children can already master complex addition forms from a sheet of paper and invent their own, but they need to be specially taught this. This type of activity is not only accessible to children, it is important for deepening their spatial understanding.

Design from natural materials becomes more complicated. Children already have access to holistic compositions based on a preliminary plan, which can convey complex relationships and include figures of people and animals in various conditions.

Children continue to develop perceptions, but they cannot always take into account several different signs at the same time. Figurative thinking develops, but the reproduction of metric relationships is difficult. This can be easily checked by asking children to reproduce on a piece of paper a sample on which nine dots are drawn that are not located on the same straight line. As a rule, children do not reproduce metric relationships between points: when drawings are superimposed on each other, the points of the child's drawing do not coincide with the points of the sample.

Generalization and reasoning skills continue to develop, but they are still largely limited to visual signs of the situation.

Imagination continues to develop, but it is often necessary to note a decrease in the development of imagination at this age in comparison with the older group. This can be explained by various influences, including the media, leading to stereotypical images of children.

Attention continues to develop, it becomes voluntary. In some activities, voluntary concentration time reaches 30 minutes.

Children continue to develop speech: its sound side, grammatical structure, vocabulary. Coherent speech develops. Children's statements reflect both the expanding vocabulary and the nature of generalizations that are formed at this age. Children begin to actively use generalizing nouns, synonyms, antonyms, adjectives, etc. As a result of properly organized educational work, children develop dialogic and some types of monologue speech.

In the preschool group, preschool age ends. His main achievements are related to the mastery of the world of things as objects of human culture; children master forms of positive communication with people; Gender identification develops and the student’s position is formed.

By the end of preschool age, the child has a high level of cognitive and personal development, which allows him to successfully study at school in the future.

Standards

Comprehensive thematic planning in the preparatory group for the Federal State Educational Standard is carried out by all specialists related to the preschool educational institution.

Relevance of planning

The relevance lies in the fact that each subsequent younger generation has differences in development. New systems of communication and information transfer are emerging, which affects learning. Tablets, social networks, video content and virtual reality are something that today’s educators have practically never seen, and modern children understand as commonplace.

Classes at the preschool educational institution are planned

Drawing up a plan involves participation:

music director;
instructor responsible for physical education;
speech therapist who corrects speech;
teachers who are responsible for additional education;
educators who occupy the status of active participants in the creative group in the institution.

All events are approved in advance

For your information! All these persons are a kind of partners who can make proposals to the plan regarding the content and principle of organization.

Conditions for implementing the plan

It is worth noting that there is a unified state standard according to which the development of an educational activity plan is carried out, so the teacher can choose the form that will be most convenient for him. However, everyone must comply with a number of conditions set by the Federal Ministry of Education:

It is necessary to objectively assess the level at which the current work is at the time of planning.
It is important to correctly identify goals and objectives for each individual period of work, and correlate them with exemplary general education programs of preschool institutions, according to which they organize the educational process in certain age categories, groups of children and priority areas.
The teacher must clearly understand the result of the work that he will have to achieve by the end of the year.
It is necessary to correctly select the best options for promising paths, as well as methods and means that will help achieve the goal without problems, and therefore complete the task.

Teachers are constantly improving

An equally important condition in weekly or daily planning is taking into account what specific features it has:

specific age group;
a certain team of teachers;
the actual situation in the educational institution;
the principle by which the learning process will be carried out;
professional competence of each participant in this activity.

Non-traditional drawing technique for the middle group of kindergarten

Every mother will say that her child is the most beloved, smart and reasonable. However, you need to learn to correctly assess the baby’s abilities and, if necessary, you need to help him develop, learn and increase his intellectual capabilities.

For your information! This attitude, combined with the individual approach of teachers, will give excellent results in the study of disciplines, regardless of what year of birth the children entering preschool education.

Structure of the document on the Federal State Educational Standard

A plan for educational work with children is a document where recommendations are clearly stated, and both teachers who replace each other are required to use it. In other words, this development must be created jointly. Planning is:

drawing up a plan for working with children;
setting specific goals to be achieved in a year;
certain tasks assigned to teachers.

Teachers also plan

It is permissible to make adjustments during the implementation process, but it is advisable to reduce the number of changes to a minimum. In general, each calendar-thematic plan consists of:

title page;
an explanatory note containing recommendations for the submitted document;
planning for the chosen form of training;
literature that was used to draw up and implement the plan.

Planning by educational area

First of all, you need to understand that thematic compilation is the process of creating a work schedule, and the standard of the general education program of preschool education in completely different areas is taken as a basis. Namely by:

physical;
social and personal;
cognitive;
speech;
artistic and aesthetic.

For your information! If we pay attention to the complex thematic principle on which the EP according to the Federal State Educational Standard is built, then in order to motivate children to learn new material, it is necessary to use not individual game techniques, but to achieve the assimilation of information given by the teacher in the process of preparing and implementing events that are especially significant for preschool children.

In this case, project activities will be more priority and effective. In other words, the child will independently participate in the development of upcoming events or even regular activities tied to a specific topic, and this will encourage him to learn everything new, useful and interesting. This form of training is more effective in that children will follow the clear instructions of adults. Only an active person can achieve real success. As for planning by area, the teacher is obliged to:

choose a topic;
choose the form in which the work will be carried out, corresponding to the given topic;
provide parents with a list of tips on how to work with children at home in order to whet their interest in visiting a preschool educational institution.

When does a child begin to understand what is being said to him?

All topics being worked on must have a conclusion in the form of:

Exhibitions;
holiday;
sports entertainment;
role-playing game;
performance, etc.

Types and forms of planning

The preschool educational institution uses two types of planning - annual and weekly.

Teachers give preference to the following types:

calendar-thematic;
perspective-calendar;
block;
complex.

Recently, modular planning has been used, the peculiarity of which is to take into account how a modern preschool institution works. It includes 3 sections at once:

Drawing up long-term calendar planning.
Carrying out the continuity procedure between preschool educational institutions and schools.
Communication between pre-school specialists and public organizations.

Children learn better by playing

Pedagogical diagnostics must be included in the preparation of the plan so that it is possible to competently and adequately evaluate the indicators:

children's achievements;
the results achieved by teachers;
the extent to which it was possible to correct the level of development of each individual child.

The planning principle is:

An integrated approach will allow you to correctly connect all the links and parties involved in education.
Building a pedagogical process, the support of which will be the interaction of adults and children.
Taking into account such nuances as the climatic features of the region of residence, the age of the children, as well as the time of year when classes are held. For example, in autumn you can study weather conditions, the colors of the leaves that fall and the period of their complete fall. In spring, it is especially interesting to watch the melting snowdrifts, swelling buds, the gradual appearance of the first flowers, greenery and the birds that arrive for the summer.

The priority is to manage the pedagogical process by modeling and adapting an approximate model of an educational activity plan in relation to the conditions that a preschool educational institution can provide.

Goals: expanding contact between teachers and parents; modeling prospects for interaction for the new academic year; improving the pedagogical culture of parents.

Objectives: consider the age and individual characteristics of children 6-7 years old; introduce parents to the tasks and features of educational work, the tasks of the preschool institution for the new school year.

Form of delivery: presentation

Age 6 - 7 years

Senior preschool age is a period of learning about the world of human relationships, creativity and preparation for the next, completely new stage in his life - studying at school.

Play activity

In role-playing games, children in the preschool group begin to master complex human interactions. Reflecting characteristic life situations. Game actions become more complex and take on a special meaning that is not always revealed to adults. The playing space is becoming more complex. When organizing joint games, children use an agreement, are able to take into account the interests of others, and to some extent restrain emotional impulses.

There is a gradual transition from play as a leading activity to learning.

Construction

Children in the pre-school group have largely mastered construction using building materials.

Visual activities

Images from surrounding life and literary works conveyed by children in visual activities become more complex. The drawings become more detailed and their color range is enriched.

The differences between the drawings of boys and girls become more obvious. Boys willingly depict technology, space, military operations, etc. Girls usually draw female images: princesses, ballerinas, models, etc. Everyday scenes are also common: mother and daughter, room, etc. The image of a person becomes even more detailed and proportional. Fingers, eyes, mouth, nose, eyebrows, chin appear. Clothing can be decorated with various details.

One of the most important features of this age is the manifestation of arbitrariness of all mental processes. (When the child begins to consciously direct and hold on certain objects and objects.)

Development of mental processes

Children continue to develop perceptions, but they cannot always take into account several different signs at the same time. (Size, shape of objects, position in space)

Thinking

Thinking at this age is characterized by a transition from visual-effective to visual-figurative and at the end of the period - to verbal thinking.

1) visual-effective (cognition through the manipulation of objects) (for example, he takes out an object that lies high, placing a chair)

2) visual-figurative (cognition through representations of objects, phenomena, without the use of practical actions.) (eg, can assemble cubes, light puzzles without relying on visualization)

3) verbal-logical (cognition with the help of concepts, words, reasoning, which is associated with the use and transformation of concepts). (eg, can post 6-7 pictures in a row, logically connected to each other).

Children are able not only to solve a problem visually, but also to make transformations of an object, indicate in what sequence the objects will interact, etc.

A preschooler thinks figuratively, but has not yet acquired adult logic of reasoning. The prerequisites for such mental qualities as independence, flexibility and inquisitiveness are being formed. There are attempts to explain phenomena and processes. Children's questions are indicators of the development of curiosity.

Attention becomes voluntary.

At this age, concentration, volume and stability of attention increase significantly, elements of arbitrariness in the management of attention are formed based on the development of speech and cognitive interests.

In some activities, voluntary concentration time reaches 30 minutes. The stability of attention increases - 20-25 minutes, the volume of attention is 7-8 objects. The child may see dual images.

Memory

At 6-7 years of age, memory capacity increases, which allows children to involuntarily remember a fairly large amount of information. Children can independently set themselves the task of remembering something. Using the simplest mechanical method of memorization - repetition.

Speech

The sound aspect, grammatical structure, and vocabulary are developing. Coherent speech develops.

Children's statements reflect both an expanding vocabulary and the nature of sensations that form at this age. Children begin to actively use generalizing nouns, synonyms, antonyms, adjectives, etc.

Dialogue and some types of monologue speech develop. Relationships with peers. Children of senior preschool age are characterized by a predominance of socially significant motives over personal ones. A child can change his point of view, positions as a result of a collision with public opinion, the opinion of another child. The child can perceive the point of view of another person. In the process of assimilation, an active attitude towards one’s own life develops empathy and compassion.

Emotions

The child has developed a stable positive attitude towards himself and confidence in his abilities. He is able to show emotionality and independence in solving social and everyday problems. A critical attitude to the assessment of adults and peers arises. Peer assessment helps the child evaluate himself.

The child judges moral qualities mainly by his behavior, which either agrees with the norms accepted in the family and peer group, or does not fit into the system of these relations.
The self-esteem of a child of senior preschool age is quite adequate; it is more typical to overestimate it than to underestimate it. The child evaluates the result of an activity more objectively than behavior.
As the most important new formation in the development of the mental and personal sphere of a child of 6–7 years of age, the subordination of motives is.
Awareness of the motive “I must”, “I can” gradually begins to prevail over the motive “I want”.
In the preschool group, preschool age ends.
His main achievements are related to the mastery of the world of things as objects of human culture; mastering forms of positive communication with people; development of gender identification, formation of the student’s position.
By the end of preschool age, the child has a high level of cognitive and personal development, which allows him to successfully study at school in the future.
A child can and does do not what he wants, but what is needed, what an adult asks or is determined by the rules: he perceives, remembers, thinks, evaluates his activities;
The first real picture of the world appears, about which the child forms his own opinion;
The child begins to understand his feelings and experiences fully and communicates this to adults;
It is very important for children how the people around them treat them;
There is complete trust in the adult and acceptance of his point of view. Treating adults as the only source of reliable knowledge.

Children 6-7 years old should be able to:

Distinguish geometric shapes, highlight them in objects of the surrounding world
Characterize the spatial relationships of objects (right-left, above-under, on-behind, top-bottom, etc.)
Distinguish the spatial arrangement of figures and parts on a plane
Classify shapes by shape, size, color
Distinguish and highlight letters and numbers by shape, size, color
Mentally find a part of the whole
Complete the figures according to the diagram, construct them from parts
Speech.
Correctly pronounce all the sounds of your native language
Be able to distinguish and name words with a certain sound
Be able to determine the place of a sound in a word (beginning–middle–end)
Divide words into syllables
Compose words from syllables
Have an idea of the offer
Be able to agree words in gender, number and case
Select synonyms, antonyms
Use different ways to form words
Retell familiar fairy tales and stories
Compose stories and fairy tales based on pictures
Gross motor skills
Walk, run, jump straight and firmly
Accurately catch and throw the ball
For some time wearing not very light things, large objects
Fasten buttons, tie shoelaces, etc.
Fine motor skills
Draw straight, not shaky lines
“See the line” and write in it
See the cells and accurately draw along them
Educational targets at the stage of completion of preschool age:
these are social-normative age characteristics of a child’s possible achievements at the stage of completing preschool education.
They assume the formation of prerequisites for educational activities in preschool children at the stage of completing their preschool education.
They act as the basis for the continuity of preschool and primary general education.

Top advice for parents

Be attentive to your child, love him, but do not “tie” him to you, let him have friends, his own social circle. Be prepared to support your child, listen and encourage him. The key to success is friendly and open relationships in the family. It is easier to cope with a problem when it has just arisen and has not yet led to negative consequences.
Encourage interaction with peers
Teach your child to manage emotions (using the example of your behavior)
It is necessary to prepare the child for school in advance (educational games, poetry).
There is no need to overload with additional activities.
Praise more.