NEW APPROACHES, METHODOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS
A physical education and sports festival, one of the forms of active recreation for children and adults, includes various types of physical exercises (gymnastics, outdoor and sports games, sports exercises) mainly outdoors in combination with elements of dramatization, choreography, singing, quizzes, competitions and attractions.
A holiday is always joy and fun. His anticipation alone can evoke positive emotions in a child and distract him from “going” into illness (V.L. Strakovskaya). Outdoor games, attractions, competitions, practical jokes, fun, surprises, which fill the program of any holiday, are often accompanied by spontaneous comical situations, causing sincere laughter, surprise, and delight. This circumstance alone makes the holiday an indispensable means of preventing and even treating various health disorders. It has long been known (V.V. Dineika) that a good mood and a life-affirming mood have a high healing power.
When preparing and holding physical education and sports events, children get the opportunity to show activity, initiative, independence, and creativity, which has a beneficial effect on the development of their abilities and personal qualities.
The most important result of the holiday is the joy of participation, victory, communication, and joint activities. Outdoor games, which constitute the main content of any physical education and sports festival, are more adequate than other forms of organizing motor activity, adequate to the child’s needs in movement and contribute to his harmonious physical development, development of dexterity, speed, coordination of movements, the most important moral, volitional and friendly qualities .
The process of preparing for the holiday unites the children's team, children and adults (teachers and parents) with unity of purpose and common goals. The position of educators, physical education instructors, and parents largely determines children’s attitudes toward physical education and sports. If adults lead a healthy lifestyle, regularly perform at least the simplest physical exercises with their children, are active and easy-going, this is “fertile soil on which good shoots will sprout” - strong, healthy children who love physical education.
Analysis of scientific and methodological literature and experience in organizing physical education and sports events with preschoolers, including our own, allow us to formulate the main approaches to their classification.
During any holiday, a comprehensive solution to a number of tasks is carried out that contribute to the harmonious development of the child, but at the same time the main task is set, in accordance with which the theme and content are selected, and methods and techniques of work are determined.
Based on the dominant task, we consider it appropriate to highlight the following holidays.
Create a healthy lifestyle. These are thematic holidays such as “Sun, air and water are our faithful friends”, “Cleanliness Holiday”, “Adventures of No-Sick”, “Visiting Aibolit”, etc. Properly selected thematic outdoor games and exercises in combination with text, fights between children and enemies of health (laziness, gluttony, fears, etc.) allow you to form a positive attitude towards hardening, physical education, hygiene procedures, and daily routine.
Cultivate a strong interest in physical education and sports, in personal achievements, in sporting events in our country and around the world. A characteristic feature of these holidays is the inclusion in their program of games with elements of team and individual competition and relay races. An important role is also given to the selection of educational material aimed at systematizing children’s knowledge about sports, the Olympic movement, Russian athletes, etc. The themes of such holidays are varied: “Olympians Among Us”, “Journey to Sportlandia”, “Fun Starts”.
Amuse the children and give them pleasure. These are comic entertainment holidays with the aim of creating a good mood from games, attractions, joint activities with adults, musical accompaniment, funny attributes, etc.
Develop creativity, initiative, and communication skills. A well-thought-out motivation for action (providing assistance to heroes, searching for treasure, demonstrating one’s prowess and strength), interconnected task-tests make this holiday very attractive for children 6-7 years old. Their activities in this case are less regulated: they themselves find a way out of a critical situation, enter into confrontation with the forces of evil, the elements of nature, and weather surprises. The topics are determined by the interests of children and the capabilities of adults. These are “Young Robinsons”, “Space Adventures”, “In the Underwater Kingdom”, “Rescuers”, “SOS Signal Received”.
Demonstrate sporting achievements. Such a holiday is usually combined with final events in the lives of children: the end of the school year, graduation from kindergarten (“What We Have Become,” “Growing Up”) — or seasonal changes: the end of winter, summer (“Skiing competitions,” “Bicycle racing,” "Festival of Mermaids").
Cultivate interest in folk traditions. These folklore holidays in theme and content are held in accordance with the Christian calendar (Christmas, Maslenitsa, Magpies, Trinity). They are compiled on material accessible to children using folk games, fun, round dances, songs, attributes of national clothing, and equipment.
Form cognitive activity. The goal is to expand and systematize knowledge in the field of ecology, geography, astronomy, literature, the basics of safe life, etc. Such holidays include competitions among scholars (young astronomers, ecologists, traffic rules experts, etc.): quizzes, crossword puzzles, riddles, etc. Children's knowledge and skills are tested in solving socially significant problem problems: how to save the Earth from environmental disaster; how to establish contact with extraterrestrial civilizations; how to master the rules of safe living. Traveling from era to era, across different continents, children gain basic understanding of geography, history, natural science and other sciences.
Cultivate moral qualities. Such holidays are especially significant for groups of different ages and genders, in which favorable conditions are created for the formation of friendly relationships between children and a humane attitude towards all living things. Game activities aimed at developing the readiness and skills to come to each other’s aid or rescue each other from a dangerous situation are an indispensable component of the content of these holidays. As a rule, their plot develops in two directions: on the one hand, all the children are united by one goal (to help the hero-character in trouble by confronting the forces of evil); on the other hand, children are usually divided into two or more teams (traveling sailors and aborigines, earthlings and aliens, people, animals and birds) and are involved in a joint struggle against common enemies (evil, fears, cruelty, envy).
According to motor content, holidays are divided as follows.
Combined. It is built on the basis of a combination of different types of physical exercises: gymnastics, outdoor and sports games, sports exercises. Its advantage is the ability to attract children aged 5-7 years to competitive activities with elements of sports, and junior and middle preschoolers to perform simple gymnastic exercises and participate in outdoor games and fun.
Based on sports games (holding championships in football, basketball, hockey, etc. between parallel groups). Such a holiday can be organized if the children have a good command of the technique of the game and are familiar with its rules. To attract all children to participate, you can organize dance performances for girls and games for fans between halves. If the level of motor preparedness of children is not high enough, then the holiday can take the form of competitions between teams on the speed and quality of performing individual elements of sports games (dribble the ball and throw it into the basket; hold a tennis ball longer on the racket; hit the shuttlecock with a racket in a circle, etc. .). You can also include relay games and games with elements of individual and collective competitions into the holiday.
Based on sports exercises. Such holidays are organized by combining several seasonal sports (for example, skiing, sledding in winter or cycling, rollerblading, scootering in summer). The content of the holiday may include sports exercises of one type (for example, swimming).
Based on outdoor games, attractions, fun. This is the most common type of holiday. It does not require complex equipment or a specially equipped area (it can be carried out in a clearing or compacted path). The universality of the holiday lies in the fact that children of all ages and adults can be involved in it.
Integrated. The content of these holidays, along with motor tasks, includes elements of cognitive, visual activity, theater, etc.
According to the methods of holding holidays, the following varieties are distinguished.
• Games (carried out with children of all ages).
• Competitive (conducted with children 5-7 years old). Participants of two or more teams compete with each other, or all children enter into confrontation with a real or imaginary character.
• Plot. Motor tasks are performed in accordance with the leader’s story, and all games and exercises are connected by a single theme and idea.
• Creative. Their goal is to develop creative activity, the ability to make decisions independently, and initiatives (problem situations and tasks, puzzle tasks, provocative questions, search questions, group discussion methods, etc.). Holding such holidays requires high professionalism from an adult, since unexpected decisions of children can change the course of the scenario. Therefore, the scenario includes different options for exiting the proposed situation so that children feel responsible for the course and results of their actions.
Note. The classification of holidays according to the method is quite arbitrary: any of them uses a wide arsenal of methods and techniques for teaching and raising children. Therefore, we are talking about the preferential use of any method.
According to the location of the holidays, they are divided as follows:
• on a sports ground or stadium;
• in natural conditions (in a forest, near a pond, in a park);
• in the gym;
• in a swimming pool.
Based on the composition of children, it is most expedient to classify holidays as follows.
Children from 4 to 7 years old and adults can participate in the holiday As a rule, it is based on outdoor games, attractions and amusements, in which all children participate (one at a time or in small groups of the same age), and in mass games, round dances and dances, everyone takes part at the same time.
• The holiday can be organized by bringing together children of the same age or close in age. If it is based on games with elements of competition or sports games, then the participants are children 6-7 years old. If this is an entertainment holiday in which story games and musical surprises predominate, children 4-5 years old can become participants.
• The holiday can be held as a fun competition in which parents, grandparents, brothers and sisters participate. General and individual game tasks and mass comic relay races are determined, which include children 2-3 years old (the task is to crawl between the legs of their brothers and sisters) and grandmothers (the task is to dress their grandson as quickly as possible).
The classification of holidays according to the nature of the equipment, inventory, and benefits used is very conditional: if the kindergarten’s equipment with physical education, sports and gaming equipment is insufficient, this is not a reason to deprive children of a holiday - an adequate replacement for the specified equipment can be found.
• Using sports, physical education and tourism equipment.
• Using natural materials ( autumn leaves, flowers, snow buildings, pieces of ice, snowballs, cones, pebbles, stumps, logs, etc. - depending on the season and natural environment).
• Using homemade or adapted equipment . Tires of different sizes can be used (from which you can construct a variety of projectiles), a ladder, a clothesline, household items, children's furniture (chairs, stools), even plastic bottles filled with sand, etc.
• With story-based toys and play aids for young children ( dolls, animals, cars, rolling toys, building materials).
The classification of holidays depending on the season is traditional. (These are four seasonal holidays.)
The methodology for organizing any holiday is a rather complex process, including the stages of preparation, holding and summing up.
Preparation for the holiday includes drawing up a script, distributing roles and responsibilities between participants, selecting musical accompaniment, decorating the site or hall, preparing sports uniforms, emblems, invitations, etc. The preparatory work can be led by a physical education instructor or teacher. Older brothers and sisters and parents can provide very tangible help. The organizers of the holiday determine its type depending on the season, the age of the participants, the availability of equipment, and the interests of the children.
The duration of the holiday is determined by the age of the participants: 45-50 minutes for children 4-5 years old; 60-90 minutes for children 6-7 years old. If children of different ages and adults participate in the holiday, then the duration of children’s participation is determined by their mental and physical capabilities. However, in any case, the holiday should not last more than 2 hours, otherwise fatigue sets in, reducing interest in what is happening.
When drawing up a holiday plan-scenario, it is necessary
• ensure a gradual increase in physical and mental stress;
• provide for alternating games and competitions with high physical activity and emotional intensity and tasks aimed at relieving tension;
• alternate mass and individual games and tasks (if possible);
• provide for the participation and assessment of the activities of each child, taking into account his individual characteristics and capabilities;
• combine games and tasks that are familiar to children and evoke a positive emotional state with the inclusion of new attributes, music, and characters.
The most interesting part of the preparatory stage is the production of attributes, posters, decorations, emblems and prizes for participants, invitation cards for fans and relatives. This type of work is quite within the capabilities of older preschoolers under the guidance of an adult. Note that it is not necessary to purchase expensive prizes: it is not the cost that is important to the child, but the love and attention that is shown to him. Therefore, adults must first of all know the individual characteristics of each participant so that the prize becomes truly valuable to him.
...The “Space Travel” holiday was planned in kindergarten. There were no funds available to purchase prizes. Adults thought for a long time what to give to children who were supposed to “return from a long journey to the planets of the solar system.” And... they collected colorful stones, washed them, polished them and painted intricate hieroglyphs on them. Imagine the amazement of the children who discovered pebbles of “unearthly origin” in their shoes - gifts from the inhabitants of another civilization... The surprise prizes made by the children for the rival team are educationally valuable. These can be drawings, crafts made from natural and waste materials, etc.
For mass celebrations, you can make simple but cute souvenirs (a balloon, an apple, a chocolate medal, etc.). Most importantly, every child should be rewarded regardless of the place they take.
Particular attention should be paid to the selection of music and the preparation of means for its broadcast. Musical accompaniment provides an appropriate emotional mood, helps synchronously perform physical exercises, fills pauses, concentrates children's attention, and signals the beginning and end of a game-task. You should consider musical accompaniment of physical exercises (parade, rhythmic or morning exercises) and musical screensavers, background music for attractions, surprise moments, awards, etc.
Holiday scenarios usually include performances by children reading poetry, performing songs, and performing magic tricks. Naturally, you can’t do without preparation here. However, you should abandon rehearsals, drills and training sessions! Remember that the holiday is organized for children, not spectators and guests. Therefore, impromptu, live, relaxed communication is appropriate, rather than elaborate and memorized scripted dialogue with children’s pre-learned answers. Rehearsing surprise moments in the presence of celebration participants is absolutely unacceptable. The absence of a sacrament, a miracle designed to bring surprise, insight, delight, makes the holiday a boring event with a predetermined end.
The celebration must be entrusted to a host Experience suggests: 80% of the success of the holiday depends on the preparation and abilities of the host. He must be artistic, be able to manage a group of children, know and take into account their characteristics, change the script if necessary during the course of the event and regulate physical, mental and emotional stress. It is advisable that the presenter be athletic and able to perform this or that exercise himself, if necessary.
You can make the task of holding a holiday easier by including in the script two presenters who are able to “insure” each other if an unforeseen situation arises.
On the day appointed for the holiday, in the morning an atmosphere of anticipation of general fun should already be created. Each child (or group of children), together with the teacher or his assistant, is responsible for a specific part of the preparatory work: someone distributes invitation cards, someone arranges benches, hangs festive garlands, balloons, sets up a scoreboard... The professionalism of the organizers also lies in involve everyone in the process of preparing the holiday, do not suppress the initiative of children, but provide them with the opportunity to feel like full owners of the event.
The structure of the holiday is varied and depends on its type. Conventionally, it can be divided into three parts.
The first, the introductory part, can be organized in the form of a parade of participants with the raising of the flag and lighting of the Olympic torch. A good tradition could be a mass jog across the territory of the kindergarten of all participants and fans, including adults; the unexpected appearance of fairy-tale characters or barkers who invite everyone to take part in mass games, attractions and fun. In winter, the holiday can begin with the movement of a long sleigh train or three horses. The beginning of holidays and games of rescuers, travelers, and cosmonauts could be different: an alarm that calls on all the strong and brave to take part in rescuing animals affected by floods (fire, earthquake, etc.). There are many options...
The main part of the holiday, aimed at solving its main task, is filled with appropriate motor content: games, competitions, attractions. It is important to ensure that every child participates in them. If the scenario is designed to alternate participation of members of different teams in games, it is necessary to consider how to ensure the participation of everyone. Usually in response to challenging questions like “Who is our bravest?” or “Who wants to play this game?” the same children respond, while the shy and indecisive ones remain out of work. In this case, you can do this: each child, upon entering the hall, receives a ticket (tickets can be of different colors, shapes, etc.); During the holiday, the host invites only those who have a ticket in the shape of a red circle to participate in any game, and those children who have a ticket in the shape of a hare to participate in the “Jumpers” competition. Tickets should be handed out by an adult who knows the characteristics of each child well, so that he does not feel out of place. So, if a boy gets a ticket with a picture of a jump rope, but he doesn’t know how and doesn’t like this exercise, then he will feel disadvantaged when paired with a girl or simply refuse to participate. Therefore, you need to decide in advance who to give which ticket to avoid negative emotions.
If the holiday is of a mass nature, then the presenter should have several assistants from among teachers or schoolchildren who will help arrange and remove equipment, provide musical accompaniment, and present gifts.
At a festival with a pronounced competitive focus, it is important to timely evaluate the performance of individual participants or teams. To do this, a jury of three to five people is selected in advance and a scoreboard is placed in a visible place. It can be traditional or unusual (for example, basketball baskets into which balls are thrown - one for each team victory). At the end, the points or goals earned by the team are counted. Another option for summing up the results could be to build a tower from building material: whose tower is higher, he won, etc.
to sum up both during and at the end of the holiday. After each relay game or competition, the presenter can sum up the results himself and evaluate the physical, moral and volitional qualities of the teams as a whole and individual players. It is wiser to give the jury the floor after two or three competitions, so as not to turn the holiday into continuous performances by adults.
The presenter needs to be very delicate when summing up: children are vulnerable, they cannot adequately assess their abilities and experience failures painfully. Therefore, it is necessary, firstly, to form teams correctly: they should be approximately equal in strength and with an equal number of boys and girls; secondly, talk tactfully about victories and defeats, maintain a spirit of optimism and confidence in children. At the end of the holiday, you can plan a game in which the losing team's victory is guaranteed. For example, the presenter offers both teams the outdoor game “Trap”. When catching up with the children, he only insults the players from the winning team. This helps to offset the clear advantage of one of the teams. As a result, by the end of the holiday, “friendship wins”! The organizers can use another way to equalize the results: one team is awarded in the category “The most dexterous and fastest”, the other - “The most friendly and cheerful”.
The culmination of any holiday is a surprise moment. Its content and time of inclusion in the course of the holiday depend on the age of the participants and the type of holiday. Most often, the unexpected appearance of fairy-tale characters (adults or older children) and the performance of a short performance are used as a surprise moment. Characters can invite children to play with them, solve a problem they are facing together, or teach them to do physical education. In any case, the performance should be spectacular and fun and accompanied by music and unusual sounds (for example, a whistle announces the appearance of the Robber Nightingale, the clatter of hooves - a troika). If the holiday is held indoors, you can apply lighting effects (sudden blackout, lighting the place where the hero appears with lanterns, etc.).
At the end, it is appropriate to hold a general game of medium mobility (preferably in a circle) such as “Mousetrap”, “Carousel”, or organize a mass dance.
The award ceremony should be solemn and fun. Pennants, emblems, souvenirs can be placed in the most honorable place in the group (sports corner, information stand for parents). If these are individual prizes and the children want to take them home, advise parents to find a place in the children's room (shelf, closet) where the prizes will be visible to everyone. Such a “victorious” corner is a source of pride for a child. Here you can place photographs and drawings on the theme “Our holiday”. This will allow children to develop a strong interest in physical education and their achievements in sports, which is one of the most important conditions for developing motivation for a healthy lifestyle.
N. BOCHAROVA, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Oryol State University
Bocharova N. Physical education and sports events in kindergarten: new approaches, methodological recommendations // Preschool education. 2004. No. 1. P. 46-51.
Summer sports festival on the street “Olympiad in kindergarten”
Natalya Ryabinina
Summer sports festival on the street “Olympiad in kindergarten”
Strengthen previously acquired motor skills and abilities. Improve knowledge about summer sports , develop dexterity, speed, ability to navigate in space, develop the ability to perform imitative movements. Foster a love of sports ; camaraderie and sportsmanship . Create an atmosphere of joy and emotional well-being.
1. Improve children’s motor skills and abilities.
2. Develop speed, strength, agility, endurance, flexibility.
3. To form in children the need for a healthy lifestyle.
4. Develop in children a sense of pride in their own successes and achievements, encourage them to improve positive moral choices.
5. Expand children's understanding of sports , improve spatial, quantitative, and temporal concepts.
6. Expand and clarify children’s ideas about methods of safe behavior in various types of motor activities.
Types of children's activities : play, motor.
Previous work: reading fiction, watching presentations and TV shows about sports , conversations about sports , athletes , the Olympic movement in the world .
Summer. Summer sports relays and fun starts
Contained in sections:
Scenario for a summer sports event on the playground “Fun Starts” Objectives: Develop the ability to act in the interests of the team. Develop endurance, agility, attention, and reaction speed in relay races . Foster feelings of mutual assistance and collectivism. Progress: Music plays. Children go out to the playground and line up on the playground.
Summer sports entertainment “Fun Starts” for older children Summer sports entertainment “Fun Starts” for older preschoolers. Goal: to develop clarity in children’s actions and speed of reaction in various motor tasks. Objectives: 1. Develop speed, dexterity, and the ability to independently complete a task. 2. Develop interest in.
Scenario of the summer sports event “Fun Starts”
Objectives: Develop the ability to act in the interests of the team. Develop endurance, agility, attention, and reaction speed in relay races. Foster feelings of mutual assistance and collectivism. Progress: Music plays. Children go out to the playground to the music and line up on the playground.
Sports entertainment in the summer in the senior group “Fun Starts”
Program content: 1. To attract children to a healthy lifestyle through sports entertainment. 2. Develop interest in sports games and improve children’s health. 3. Develop speed, dexterity, and the ability to independently complete a task. 4. Foster collectivism and skill.
Sports entertainment in the summer in the senior group “Fun Starts”
Karina Korshakova
Sports entertainment in the summer in the senior group “Fun Starts”
Program content:
1. To attract children to a healthy lifestyle through sports entertainment.
2. Develop interest in sports games and improve children’s health.
3. Develop speed, dexterity, and the ability to independently complete a task.
4. Foster collectivism, the ability to play in a team, and empathy.
Inventory:
2 balls, 2 hoops, cones, flags, plastic balls, prize tokens for each player.
Progress of the event:
Host: Children, today we invite you to go on a journey. And we'll go on what I'm thinking about now:
Summer sports entertainment in the middle group “Summer Fun”
Yulia Garmash
Summer sports entertainment in the middle group “Summer Fun”
Goal: develop an interest in exercise and a healthy lifestyle.
— Intensify children’s physical activity, develop dexterity , ingenuity, speed, and coordination of movements.
— develop a love for physical culture;
—instill discipline, endurance and attention in games and relay races;
- Create a festive atmosphere.
