Synopsis of an educational and research lesson for children of senior preschool age “Let's protect the green Christmas tree!”

Reports and messages
Plants
Spruce

Spruce belongs to the pine family.
This is an evergreen tree, a symbol of the New Year. Spruce can grow up to fifty meters in height and live up to three hundred years. In the USA there is a spruce tree that is eight hundred and fifty-two years old. There are about forty-five varieties of tall spruce trees. Of these, the following can be noted: Eastern European or ordinary, Siberian, Oriental, Korean, Ayak, Tien Shan, Glen spruce, Canadian, red, Serbian, blue.

Low spruces are called dwarf. Dwarf spruces have found wide application in the field of landscape design and are often used in home and interior decoration. There are the following types of dwarf spruce trees: Push spruce, Nidiformis spruce, Nana spruce, Bialobok spruce.

The distribution area of spruce is very large. The common spruce has the largest distribution area: Western Europe, Russia and the Urals. Siberian and Ayan spruce grows in Siberia, and eastern spruce grows in the Caucasus. There are varieties of spruce that grow in certain climates: for example, only on the Kuril Islands, southern Sakhalin and the island of Hokkaido.

Spruce reproduces with the help of heterosexual cones. When the seeds ripen, the cone falls to the ground and is carried away by the wind, sometimes very far. Spruce begins to reproduce after fifteen years of growth.

Spruce is not only an ornamental plant, it is widely used in various fields. Spruce bark, wood, pine needles and cones are used.

Spruce wood is very “musical” and has the ability to “hold” sound. The speed of sound propagation in spruce is fifteen times greater than the propagation of sound in air. Previously, in Rus' they made harps from spruce, but now they make soundboards for cellos, violins and guitars. To do this, choose a tree without curls and knots. Since houses were previously built from spruce, restorers are looking for pieces of spruce in the ruins of old houses that will be used in restoration: it is believed that such spruce has acquired even greater musicality with age. They tried to replace the spruce with another tree, but they did not find a second such “musical” tree.

The second major area of spruce is wood chemical production. Cardboard, paper, cellulose are made from it, and turpentine is obtained. Tannins are obtained from the bark, which are used in industry for tanning leather and in medicine.

Essential fractions and volatile oils are isolated from the needles, which are used in the perfume industry and medicine.

Spruce is widely used in ornamental gardening and park construction. Spruce trees are often planted along roads for protection from the wind. Nuts from the cones serve as food for birds and animals.

In many countries, spruce is decorated for the New Year. In America, the Christmas tree is decorated long before Christmas. They decorate mainly with edible decorations: tangerines, sweets and red and white candies in honor of Jesus Christ.

In Germany, Christmas trees glow and shimmer. They are decorated with balls, garlands, and Santa Claus figurines.

In Finland, trees are protected, so they prefer to decorate artificial Christmas trees with homemade decorations.

In many countries, for the New Year they decorate not a Christmas tree, but other trees: in China - a tangerine or orange tree, in Mexico - a palm tree, in Africa - a baobab tree. Often in Asian countries they dress up not a tree, but a rake in order to “rakes” more wealth in the new year.

image of Eli

Since childhood, at Christmas and New Year, people have become accustomed to smelling fir branches.
Mixing with the smell of tangerines, this fragrant pine aroma was a harbinger of a miracle, gifts, new experiences and the New Year. For many centuries, Spruce has personified the symbol of a new cycle. In ancient times, remaining evergreen, Spruce was an allegory of eternal youth and immortality, longevity and fidelity.

For the same reasons, the Spruce “spruce branches” were and remain in many villages a sign of a bygone life. During the funeral procession, “spruce branches” are thrown at the feet, saying goodbye to the departed. Their age has ended, but has passed into eternity.

In Scandinavia, spruce was used for ritual bonfires. The resinous firewood gave the fire unique strength.

Presentation for preschoolers “Tell children about spruce”

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

Tell children about spruce Objectives: expand children's knowledge about spruce, attract children's attention; develop communication and interaction of children with adults and peers; cultivate a love for nature. prepared by Svetlana Vladimirovna Yashina, teacher of MBDOU No. 87 “Cinderella” in Kaluga

Spruce is one of the main symbols of the New Year and Christmas. Spruce often becomes the theme of children's songs: A Christmas tree was born in the forest, It grew in the forest. Slender in winter and summer, she was green.

This Christmas tree is called “blue” because of the color of its needles.

The spruce blooms in the spring, its fruits are cones.

The spruce hedge is very thick and almost impenetrable. Often used to create windbreaks, especially along roads.

The seeds serve as food for forest birds (woodpeckers, crossbills)

and rodents (mouse, squirrel).

Spruce branches are called “paws”, and broken branches (used as flooring) are called “spruce branches”.

Spruce lives for several hundred years; the oldest spruce trees in our country were found in the Kostroma region. They are more than 500 years old.

What kind of girl is this: Not a seamstress, not a craftswoman, She doesn’t sew anything herself, But she wears needles all year round. (A. Rozhdestvenskaya)

You will always find her in the forest - Let's go for a walk and meet her: Standing prickly like a hedgehog, In winter in a summer dress.

Material number: DB-561724

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Where does Spruce grow?

Spruce forests are found throughout Russia. These are mostly dense, dense thickets with some undergrowth.

Despite the fact that Spruce develops best in an open area, its shade-tolerant counterparts are found.

The most common type of tree is “Normal Spruce”. It is found in the European part of Russia, Finland and northern Europe. Spruce groves are found in both Siberia and the Urals.

Brothers of the Norway Spruce can be found in the Caucasus and the Far East, on the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. Even in North America and China, certain species of this thorny, fragrant tree grow.

What does El look like?

Spruce is a tall, stately tree with a straight, strong trunk and a dense crown. The branches are arranged in a pyramid and have spiny needles. The bark of Spruce is dense and covered with scales.

The height of Spruce can reach 30 meters, while the trunk volume of many species exceeds 1.5 meters

The average lifespan of a tree is 250 – 300 years. There are centenarians up to 600 years old.

After 10–15 years of life, the tree changes its root system, getting rid of the main root. That is why in the forest you can find these wind-fallen giants with their roots turned upside down.

Spruce - read a fairy tale

There was a wonderful Christmas tree in the forest. Her place was good, there was plenty of air and light; older friends grew all around - spruce and pine trees. The Christmas tree really wanted to grow up quickly; she didn’t think about the warm sun or the fresh air, she didn’t care about the talkative peasant children who were picking strawberries and raspberries in the forest; Having collected full baskets or strung berries, like beads, on thin twigs, they sat down under the Christmas tree to rest and always said: “What a nice Christmas tree!” Pretty little one! The tree did not want to listen to such speeches. A year has passed, and the tree has added one knee, another year has passed, and another one has been added - so, by the number of knees, you can find out how old the tree is. - Oh, if only I were as big as other trees! - the Christmas tree sighed. “Then I would spread my branches wide, raise my head high, and I would be able to see far, far around!” Birds would make nests in my branches, and in the wind I would nod my head just as importantly as others! And neither the sun, nor the singing of birds, nor the pink morning and evening clouds gave her the slightest pleasure. It was winter; the ground was covered with a sparkling carpet of snow; No, no, a hare ran through the snow and sometimes even jumped over the Christmas tree - what a shame! But two more winters passed, and by the third the tree had grown so much that the hare had to walk around it. “Yes, grow, grow and quickly become a big, old tree - what could be better than this!” - thought the Christmas tree. Every autumn, woodcutters appeared in the forest and cut down the largest trees. Each time the Christmas tree trembled with fear at the sight of huge trees falling to the ground with noise and crackling. They were cleared of branches, and they lay on the ground so naked, long and thin. You could barely recognize them! Then they were laid on firewood and taken away from the forest. Where? For what? In the spring, when swallows and storks arrived, the tree asked them: “Do you know where those trees were taken?” Have you met them? The swallows didn’t know anything, but one of the storks thought, nodded his head and said: “Yes, perhaps!” I met at sea, on the way from Egypt, many new ships with magnificent high masts. They smelled of spruce and pine. That's where they are! - Oh, I wish I could grow up and go to sea as soon as possible! What is this sea like, what does it look like? - Well, that's a long story! - answered the stork and flew away. - Rejoice in your youth! - the sun's rays spoke to the Christmas tree. - Rejoice in your healthy growth, your youth and vitality! And the wind kissed the tree, the dew shed tears over it, but the spruce did not appreciate any of this. Shortly before Christmas, several very young trees were cut down; some of them were even smaller than our Christmas tree, which we so wanted to grow as quickly as possible. All the trees that were cut down were very pretty; They were not cleared of branches, but were placed directly on firewood and taken away from the forest. - Where? - asked the spruce tree. “They are no bigger than me, one is even smaller.” And why did they leave all the branches on them? Where were they taken? - We know! We know! - the sparrows chirped. — We were in the city and looked into the windows! We know where they were taken! They will be so honored that it’s impossible to say! We looked through the windows and saw! They are placed in the middle of a warm room and decorated with the most wonderful things: gilded apples, honey gingerbread and thousands of candles! “And then?..” asked the spruce tree, trembling with all its branches. - And then?.. What happened to them then? - And we didn’t see anything else! But it was incredible! “Maybe I’ll follow the same brilliant path!” - the spruce rejoiced. - It's better than sailing on the sea! Oh, I’m just languishing with melancholy and impatience! I wish Christmas would come soon! Now I too have become as tall and spreading as those that were cut down last year! Oh, if only I were already lying on the firewood! Oh, if only I were already standing, decorated with all these delights, in a warm room! And then what?.. Then, surely, it will be even better, otherwise why would you dress me up!.. But what exactly? Oh, how I yearn and am torn from here! I just don’t know what’s wrong with me! - Rejoice at us! - the air and sunlight told her. - Rejoice in your youth and the freedom of the forest! But she didn’t even think of being happy, and she kept growing and growing. Both winter and summer she stood in her green attire, and everyone who saw her said: “What a wonderful tree!” Finally, Christmas came and the first tree was cut down. Burning pain and melancholy did not allow her to even think about future happiness; It was sad to part with her native forest, with the corner where she grew up: she knew that she would never see her dear friends again - firs and pines, bushes, flowers, and maybe even birds! How hard, how sad!.. The tree came to its senses only when it found itself together with other trees in the yard and heard someone’s voice near it: “Wonderful tree!” This is exactly what we need! Two dressed servants appeared, took the tree and carried it into the huge, magnificent hall. Portraits hung on the walls, and on the large tiled stove stood Chinese vases with lions on the lids; Rocking chairs, silk sofas and large tables were placed everywhere, littered with albums, books and toys worth several hundred dollars - at least that's what the children said. The tree was planted in a large tub of sand, the tub was wrapped in green material and placed on a colorful carpet. How the Christmas tree trembled! Will something happen now? Servants and young girls appeared and began to dress her up. Here on the branches hung small nets full of sweets, cut out of colored paper, gilded apples and nuts, and dolls swayed - like living people; The tree has never seen anything like it. Finally, hundreds of colorful small candles were attached to the branches, and a large star made of gold leaf was attached to the very top of the tree. Well, my eyes just ran wild looking at all this splendor! - How the Christmas tree will sparkle and shine in the evening when the candles are lit! - everyone said. "Oh! - thought the Christmas tree, - if only evening would come quickly and the candles would be lit! What will happen next? Will other trees come here from the forest to admire me? Will sparrows fly to the windows? Or maybe I’ll grow into this tub and stand here so elegant, winter and summer?” Yes, she knew a lot!.. From intense anticipation, her bark even ached, and this is as unpleasant for a tree as a headache is for us. But then the candles were lit. What brilliance, what luxury! The tree began to tremble with all its branches, one of the candles set fire to the green needles, and the tree was painfully burned. - Ay-ay! - the young ladies shouted and hastily put out the fire. The tree did not dare to shake anymore. And she was scared! Especially because she was afraid of losing even the slightest of her jewelry. But all this brilliance simply stunned her... Suddenly both halves of the doors swung open and a whole crowd of children burst in; you would have thought they intended to cut down the tree! The elders came in behind them sedately. The kids stopped dead in their tracks, but only for a minute, and then there was such a noise and uproar that their ears were simply ringing. The children danced around the tree, and little by little all the gifts were torn from it. “What are they doing? - thought the tree. - What does it mean?" The candles burned out, they were extinguished, and the children were allowed to rob the tree. How they attacked him! Only the branches cracked! If the tree had not been tightly tied to the ceiling with its top with a golden star, they would have knocked it down. Then the children began to dance again, not letting go of their wonderful toys. No one else looked at the tree except the old nanny, and she was only looking to see if there was an apple or date left somewhere in the branches. - A fairy tale! A fairy tale! - the children shouted and dragged the little plump gentleman to the tree. He sat down under a tree and said: “Here we are in the forest!” And, by the way, the Christmas tree will listen! But I will tell only one tale! Which one do you want: about Ivede-Avede or about Klumpe-Dumpe, who, although he fell down the stairs, still entered into honor and got himself a princess? - About Ivede-Avede! - some shouted. - About Klumpe-Dumpe! - others shouted. There was a cry and noise; one tree stood quietly and thought: “Don’t I have anything else to do?” She's already done her job! And the plump gentleman told about Klumpe-Dumpe, who, although he fell down the stairs, still entered in honor and got himself a princess. The children clapped their hands and shouted: “More, more!” They wanted to hear about Ivede-Avede, but they were left with only Klumpa-Dumpa. The tree stood quietly, thoughtfully: the forest birds had never told anything like this. “Klumpe-Dumpe fell down the stairs, and yet he got the princess! Yes, this is what happens in this world!” - thought the tree: she completely believed everything that she just heard, - after all, such a respectable gentleman was telling. “Yes, yes, who knows! Maybe I’ll have to fall down the stairs, and then I’ll get the princess!” And she happily thought about tomorrow: she would again be decorated with candles, toys, gold and fruits! “Tomorrow I won’t tremble! - she thought. - I want to properly enjoy my splendor! And tomorrow I will again hear the tale about Klumpe-Dumpe, and maybe also about Ivede-Avede.” And the tree stood quietly all night, dreaming about tomorrow. In the morning the servant and the maid appeared. “Now they’ll start decorating me again!” - thought the tree, but they pulled it out of the room, dragged it up the stairs and shoved it into the darkest corner of the attic, where daylight did not even penetrate. “What does this mean? - thought the tree. - What should I do here? What will I see and hear here? And she leaned against the wall and kept thinking and thinking... There was enough time for this: days and nights passed - no one looked at her. One day people came to put some boxes in the attic. The tree stood completely to the side, and it seemed to have been forgotten. “It’s winter outside! - thought the tree. “The ground has hardened and is covered with snow: that means it’s impossible to put me in the ground again, so I have to stand under a roof until spring!” What a clever idea! What kind people! If only it weren’t so dark and so terribly empty here!.. There wasn’t even a single bunny!.. And it was so much fun in the forest! There is snow all around, and bunnies are jumping in the snow! It was good... Even when they jumped over me, even though it made me angry! And it’s so empty here!” - Pee-pee! - the mouse suddenly squealed and jumped out of the hole, followed by several more. They began to sniff the tree and scurry between its branches. - It's terribly cold here! - said the little mice. - Otherwise it would be absolutely good! Is it really an old tree? - I'm not old at all! - answered the spruce. — There are many trees older than me! -Where are you from and what do you know? - asked the little mice; they were terribly curious. - Tell us, where is the best place on earth? You were there? Have you ever been in a pantry where there are cheeses on the shelves, and hams hanging from the ceiling, and where you can dance on tallow candles? You'll go in skinny and come out fat! - No, I don’t know such a place! - said the tree. - But I know a forest where the sun shines and the birds sing! And she told them about her youth; The little mice had never heard anything like this, listened to the story of the Christmas tree and then said: “You’ve seen so much.” How happy you were! - Happy? - said the spruce tree and thought about the time that she had just talked about. - Yes, perhaps, life was not bad for me then! Then she told them about that evening when she was decorated with gingerbread and candles. - ABOUT! - said the little mice. - How happy you were, old tree! - I'm not old at all! - the spruce objected. - I was taken from the forest only this winter! I'm just about time! Just started growing! - What a wonderful story you tell! - said the little mice, and the next night they brought four more with them, who also had to listen to the stories of the tree. And the more the spruce tree itself talked, the more clearly it recalled its past, and it seemed to it that it had experienced many good days. - But they will come back! They'll be back! And Klumpe-Dumpe fell down the stairs, but still he got the princess! Maybe I'll get a princess too! At the same time, the tree remembered the pretty birch tree that grew in the thicket of the forest not far from it - it seemed to him like a real princess. -Who is Klumpe-Dumpe? - asked the little mice, and the spruce told them the whole fairy tale; she remembered it word for word. The little mice almost jumped with pleasure to the very top of the tree. The next night several more mice appeared, and on Sunday even two rats came. These did not like the fairy tale at all, which greatly upset the mice, but now they, too, have ceased to admire the fairy tale as much as before. - Is this the only story you know? - asked the rats. - Only! - answered the spruce. “I heard it on the happiest evening of my life; At that time, however, I was not yet aware of it! - A most pathetic story! Do you know anything about fat or tallow candles? About the pantry? - No! - answered the tree. - So happy to stay! - said the rats and left. The little mice also ran away, and the spruce sighed: “But it was nice when these playful little mice sat around me and listened to my stories!” Now this is the end... But now I won’t miss my chance, I’ll be very happy when I finally go out into the world again! It didn't happen so soon! One morning people came to clean the attic. The boxes were pulled out, and behind them was the spruce tree. At first they threw her rather roughly on the floor, then the servant dragged her down the stairs. “Well, now a new life will begin for me!” - thought the tree. There was a whiff of fresh air, a ray of sunshine, and the spruce appeared in the yard. All this happened so quickly, there was so much new and interesting for her that she didn’t even have time to look at herself. The courtyard adjoined the garden; everything in the garden was green and blooming. Fresh fragrant roses hung over the hedge, linden trees were covered with blossom, swallows flew back and forth and chirped: “Quir-vir-vit!” My husband is back! But this did not apply to spruce. - Now I too will live! - The spruce rejoiced and straightened its branches. Oh, how they have faded and turned yellow! The tree lay in the corner of the yard, among nettles and weeds; at the top of it the golden star still shone. The same children who jumped and danced around the dismantled Christmas tree on Christmas Eve were playing happily in the yard. The youngest saw a tree and tore a star from it. - Look what's left on this ugly old tree! - he said and stepped on its branches with his feet - the branches crunched. Spruce looked at the young, blooming life around, then looked at herself and wished to return to her dark corner in the attic. She remembered her youth, and the forest, and a merry Christmas Eve, and the little mice joyfully listening to the fairy tale about Klumpe-Dumpe... - It’s all gone, gone! - said the poor tree. - And at least I would have rejoiced while there was time! And now... it’s all gone, gone! A servant came and chopped the tree into pieces - a whole bunch of kindling came out. How gloriously they blazed under the big cauldron! The tree sighed deeply, deeply, and these sighs were like weak shots. The children came running, sat down in front of the fire and greeted each shot with a cheerful “bang!” Pow! And the spruce, letting out heavy sighs, remembered clear summer days and starry winter nights in the forest, a merry Christmas Eve and the fairy tale about Klumpe-Dumpe, the only fairy tale she had ever heard!.. And so it all burned down. The boys were playing in the yard again; the same golden star that decorated the Christmas tree on the happiest evening of her life shone on the youngest’s chest. Now it has passed, sunk into eternity, the tree has also come to an end, and with it our history. The end, the end! Everything in the world has its end.

Medicinal properties of Spruce

Fir cones, pine needles and resin are used for medicinal purposes.

The needles contain bactericidal substances, amino acids, chlorophyll, vitamins and phytoncides. Spruce needles are rich in vitamin C, the concentration of which increases in winter, therefore, since ancient times, pine “tea” has been an excellent remedy for scurvy and at the same time strengthened the entire body.

Daily consumption of 3–4 spruce needles for a month can restore immunity and increase resistance to a number of viral diseases.

Several spruce branches placed in a vase in a room can kill harmful bacteria in the room, leaving a pleasant aroma in the air.

Fir cones are rich in tannins and essential oils. They also contain copper, manganese, aluminum, and iron.

Essential oils are used in the fight against acute respiratory infections and diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

Syrup from the buds of Spruce is prescribed for microinfarctions.

A decoction of pine needles is used by inhalation to treat sore throat and sinusitis.

Spruce resin or resin has antiseptic properties and can be used in ointments to heal wounds and ulcers.

Growing and care

Spruce is a very beautiful tree, both because of the shape of its crown and because of its flowers. In addition, it looks majestic and elegant, the color of its leaves is a rich dark green. Therefore, every year more and more people begin to grow and care for these plants.

Spruce trees like silica and calcareous soils that are kept moist and fertile. The air environment must also be sufficiently humid. The plant can tolerate short-term frosts, but cannot grow in the Arctic with a too cold climate.

In addition to severe frosts, the tree is very sensitive to environmental pollution. For its normal development, it requires deep soils and a humid climate with short and rare droughts. When the tree is young, it is advisable for it to grow in shady places. Seeds can be planted when the soil temperature is at least 4 °C; usually the germination rate is 40%. You can also plant seedlings in open ground. To do this, you first need to grow them at home in large flower pots, which must have drainage holes in the bottom.

It is recommended to water small seedlings every day, but in small quantities. Grown seedlings can be watered abundantly once every three days. You also need to ensure that the air is constantly fresh. When transplanting seedlings into open ground, it is recommended to do the first pruning. This procedure will also need to be done a little later so that the tree grows more luxuriantly. It must be remembered that pruning should not be done when the tree is wet.

There are types of spruce trees that can grow in areas with a fairly cool climate. Regardless of the species, spruce must grow at certain altitudes relative to sea level, usually these altitudes range from 700 to 2000 meters. It is in such zones that the climate is most favorable for the healthy growth of these plants.

The soil itself should not only be deep, but also cool. When growing spruce under artificial conditions, it is necessary to constantly add a large amount of organic fertilizers to the soil. We must not forget about regular, abundant watering, since the soil for spruce must always contain a high percentage of moisture.

The main pests of spruce are mites and red spiders. You can check for their presence by taking a piece of white paper and running it under the leaves. You can also lightly hit the hand with the paper with a branch. In this case, you can see small insects on the paper. If their quantity is insignificant, then no action can be taken, otherwise it is recommended to use an appropriate acaricidal drug. Chemicals should be used as a last resort, since in addition to harmful insects, trees also contain beneficial insects.

All types of spruce are quite hardy and can adapt to different climatic conditions. Although caring for these plants does not involve the implementation of any special measures, general rules should still be followed in order for the plant to be beautiful and healthy. Therefore, it is recommended to communicate with specialists who breed these trees or sell them; they can suggest what conditions are best to create for each specific species in accordance with the climate of the region.

Applications of Spruce

Spruce wood is the most common material for construction and fuel. The wood is also used to make paper.

Spruce wood is very soft and straight-grained. Despite its widespread use in construction, untreated wood is short-lived and quickly rots. That is why spruce wood is treated with antiseptics and mordants.

At the same time, Spruce wood is included in many modern materials, such as fiberboard, chipboard, laminated veneer lumber and others.

The musical properties of spruce wood have been noticed for a long time, so soundboards, bodies and other parts of musical instruments are made from this fragrant wood.

Use in the national economy

Spruce plantations can often be seen in sanatoriums. Because their needles release phytoncides that clean and disinfect the air. Also, spruce often becomes the basis of landscapes in personal plots.

High-quality musical instruments are made from this wood. Soft wood is used to make paper, rayon, and smokeless gunpowder. Resin, tar, rosin, and turpentine are obtained.

Fir cones are widely used in folk medicine. Healers believe that a Christmas tree is a donor tree; if you lean against it and stand there for a few minutes, it will give a person energy and strength.

the forest guest for the New Year.

How much joy it brings, filling the house with a special forest smell and pleasing the eye with its beauty!
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Description

The Christmas tree is a slender tree that can grow up to 35 meters high. During the first 10 years it grows very slowly - a few cm per year, then the growth rate increases, but after 100-120 years it slows down again. It has a pyramidal (triangular) crown with a sharp tip. The branches are densely located throughout the trunk. It is often difficult to see behind the spruce feet.

In a young tree, the bark is smooth, gray-brown in color; in an old tree, the bark becomes gray and peels off in thin plates. The needles are dark green and shiny, sharp and prickly. The needles are much shorter than those of pine, up to 3 cm long.

Abstract of the educational activity for cognitive development “Forest Beauty Spruce” for children of the older group

Abstract of GCD on cognitive development using mnemonics and research technology

with children of senior preschool age.

Fedoseeva Anastasia Sergeevna

Topic: “ Forest beauty spruce ”

Goal: development of environmental culture of children .

Integration of educational areas: " Cognitive development "

,
“Speech
development ” ,
“Physical
development ” ,
“Artistic and aesthetic
development ” ,
“Social and communicative
development ” .

Educational field " Cognitive development "

1. To form cognitive interest , to identify and enrich children’s about the forest as an ecosystem.

2. Give an idea of the importance of spruce in the life of forest inhabitants and the use of this tree by humans.

3. Continue the formation of environmental consciousness in children’s .

4. To promote the accumulation in children of specific ideas about the characteristic features of coniferous trees.

5. Improve skills in working with paper using the origami

6. Develop curiosity , attention, logical thinking.

7. Foster a caring, respectful attitude towards nature.

Educational field "Speech development "

1. Activate the dictionary on the topic.

Educational field "Physical development "

1. Exercise children in relaxation techniques.

2. Develop gross motor skills , motor skills of the fingers

Educational field “Artistic and aesthetic development ”

1. Improve skills in working with paper using the origami

2. Develop creativity.

Educational field “Social and communicative development ”

1) Contribute to the creation of a positive emotional mood, the formation of readiness for joint activities with peers.

Equipment: artificial Christmas trees; spruce and pine twigs and cones; illustrations depicting a woodpecker, crossbill, squirrel, mouse; branches, cones and seeds of spruce and pine; letter from Old Man - Lesovichka ; mnemonic table for I. Tokmakova’s poem “Eli”

; 10*10 squares made of green double-sided paper.

The emergence of the custom of decorating the Christmas tree in Germany

It has been established that the tradition of decorating the Christmas tree originates in Germany. This happens, according to researchers, in the 16th-17th centuries. It is not known for certain who first proposed decorating a spruce tree. Researchers have different opinions. Some believe that this happened in Alsace. It is known that the authorities of one of the cities ordered a forester to cut down a Christmas tree for them, and several decades later written sources report that the custom has become general.

Another legend connects the appearance of the Christmas tree with the religious reformer Martin Luther, who began installing and decorating Christmas trees in his home. The authority of the religious figure was so great that many of his compatriots soon followed his example. An engraving has survived to this day in which Martin Luther is depicted next to a decorated Christmas tree.

The new custom quickly spread in Germany, and by the middle of the 18th century it became ubiquitous. Christmas trees are decorated with flowers made of colored paper and gold foil; apples, sugar and other sweets wrapped in gold and silver paper are hung on the tree. In addition, candles begin to be lit on the holiday tree.

From Germany, the custom of the Christmas tree gradually penetrates other European countries, and soon crosses the ocean and takes hold in America.

Interesting facts about Christmas trees around the world

Did you know that there are so-called floating Christmas trees in the world? The trees are placed on specially prepared rafts and sent on a journey through the water. The most famous and tallest is the artificial Christmas tree, installed annually in Rio de Janeiro on Lake Lagoa. The weight of the metal structures supporting the tree is more than 50 tons, and the height of the beauty is 85 meters.

The most expensive Christmas tree was once installed in the UAE, in Abu Dhabi. She could rightfully be called the main beauty. The authors and sponsors of the project did not skimp on decorating the tree with real jewelry. She was decorated with numerous gold and silver balls and numerous jewelry. The total amount spent on decorating the Christmas tree was $11.5 million.

Finally, the tallest Christmas tree on Earth was installed in the capital of Mexico, Mexico City. Imagine a Christmas tree, the height of which is at the level of a forty-story building - 110 meters. To see the top of her head, you need to lift your head high up. Of course, such giant trees do not exist in nature. The tree was artificial. Its decorations and designs amounted to 330 tons, and its diameter was 35 meters.

Home and Kremlin Christmas trees of the country

The main status is given to Christmas trees, which are held in Moscow, first in the House of Unions, and then in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses. After moving to KDS, the main Christmas tree is also called the Kremlin tree. Children throughout the Soviet Union dream of attending the Kremlin Christmas tree. Initially, the best students from the capital's schools are invited to attend. Subsequently, particularly distinguished children from other places in the Soviet Union come to Moscow.

In modern Russia, the main Christmas tree is called the spruce, which is installed on the Cathedral Square of the Kremlin. This happened for the first time in December 1996. Over the years, due to climatic conditions, the living tree was replaced with an artificial one.

In 2022, a 90-year-old tree with a height of 27 meters was chosen as the main Christmas tree of Russia. The lower branches of the beauty had a span of 6 meters. She lived in the Borodino forestry, Mozhaisk district, Moscow region.

Finding the main Christmas tree is a very important and responsible matter. They begin a few months before the New Year. Sometimes, in order to select the “right” beautiful tree, helicopter reconnaissance and photography are carried out. Several trees are nominated to play the role of the first beauty of the forest, which must meet certain parameters. Age – more than 90 years, height – more than 25 meters, diameter at the place of its construction – more than 70 centimeters.

Selected from hundreds of similar trees, the main Christmas tree arrives in Moscow by a special road train, and is delivered directly to the Kremlin through the Spassky Gate.

Then comes the equally important stage of decorating the Christmas tree, which lasts several days and is always thought out in advance. A garland exceeding a kilometer in length is being prepared, non-standard large balls and toys are being ordered. The Star of Bethlehem is placed at the top of the modern main Christmas tree.

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