Directing games in kindergarten
Olga Ageeva
Directing games in kindergarten
Directing games in kindergarten
Directing games in kindergarten must be organized for the following purposes:
• Teach children to communicate freely and easily enter into dialogue;
• Show what speech etiquette is;
• Teach children to speak expressively, meaningfully, and listen to their interlocutors;
• Show children what it means to “make decisions”
, creating artificial situations in which it is necessary to make a choice.
To conduct director's games, special attributes are needed - heroes and scenery, with the help of which the child can reproduce the situation he has invented. The teacher can only give him a topic, prompting him at some points. The best director's game in the senior group is a puppet theater, in which the child can give free rein to his imagination and show a real performance to all his classmates. Features of director's games in kindergarten
Games for children of different ages have their own characteristics.
The director's play in the younger group has a very simple plot. All actions are performed on one character, who is fed, bathed, dressed, taken for a walk, etc.
As you gain skills, the games become more difficult . And the director's acting in the middle group is already very diverse. There are more heroes. And the plot is based on a fairy tale familiar to the child or a cartoon he watched the other day. Value judgments appear - an angry wolf, a cowardly bunny, etc.
In addition to role-playing games, the child begins to master plot and role-playing games. That is, other children can already take part in the game.
The director's play of children in the older group acquires greater dynamics. Children use substitute objects more often. Thus, one toy can be endowed with different qualities and perform completely different roles.
Director's games do not lose their relevance in the preparatory group either. While playing, kids continue to improve their skills with pleasure and experience happiness from creativity.
Directing games in a preschool educational institution (preschool educational institution)
help the comprehensive development of the child and contribute to the full development of the individual.
Director's play in the younger group
Small children aged 2-3 years are not always able to independently play games . You should not impose your plot on them, but first, the teacher should show a clear example, explaining how to play, control the characters and come up with scenarios.
Director's play "Kolobok"
An excellent visual example of a director's game in a younger group can be the reproduction of a fairy tale. As an example, you can take the simple Russian folk tale “Kolobok”
, which will probably be known to every child in the group. To begin, prepare the dolls of the main characters of the fairy tale yourself. If you don’t have dolls, then you can make all the characters out of paper, create an impromptu theater and control how the plot will unfold in it. It is important that Kolobok, Baba, Grandfather, Fox, Wolf and Bear each have their own character; convey their mood with voice, breathing, and other sounds so that they can come to life in the imagination of your little viewers.
Try to completely reproduce the entire plot of the fairy tale, and in the final part, summarize by telling what this fairy tale taught the children. By holding such a demonstration performance, you will clearly make it clear what a director's game , this will certainly interest the children and they will begin to improvise. A wonderful director's game in the middle group, this is a game of "Family"
, during which the teacher will be able to find out what role the child gives to the family in his life, how he feels in it.
Directing games in professional preschool educational institutions
Director's games in professional preschool educational institutions are the best opportunity to tell children about different professions, to make it clear that “all professions are needed - all professions are important!”
.
It is best to conduct such director's games in a preparatory group; the theme can be games of doctors , teachers, gardeners, cooks, etc. A
properly organized director's game helps to talk about many new and unknown things, develop children's imagination and thinking, which is very important at all stages growing up.
Director's play is a type of story game , the specificity of which is that the child organizes the activity as if from the outside, like a director , building and developing the plot, controlling toys and voicing them. From a psychological point of view, directing is “imagination in action”
(E. E. Kravtsova)
.
D. B. Elkonin called director's games a special type of individual child's play . Due to their originality, they are of particular interest for the psychology of children's play , since it is in the director's play that the child's personal characteristics are revealed.
“ The director’s play seems to be an alloy in which the social and the individual appear in a dialectical interweaving and are accessible to observation and control.” 's play has exceptional possibilities in terms of its use for diagnostics with the aim of subsequent correction of the personal development of children. (Gasparova E. M. 1989)
.
The director's play indicates that the child is actively appropriating culture, reflecting what is of paramount value to him. By creating and voicing the objective world, the child embodies his own ideas, his own vision of the surrounding reality. Therefore, director’s play is the most important factor in the socialization of a preschooler and, at the same time, one of the few means that allows an adult to find out what the child’s value orientations are, what excites and interests him.
The child, like the director, imagines how different characters will interact and what will happen as a result of this. He looks at imaginary events and evaluates them from different positions. Having learned to act from different points of view in director's play , the child more easily masters communication with peers as an activity of value in itself.
The object world of director's play is extremely diverse: these include toys and various objects to which the child transfers the functions of those toys that are not enough to implement the plot. This indicates that in director's play the child masters the ability to transfer functions from one object to another, a substitution mechanism appears, thanks to which the formation of genuine play - symbolic activity - occurs.
Card index of director's games for preschoolers
Card index for preschoolers
“Directing games for speech therapy classes”
Average age.
"CHEBURASHKA'S BIRTHDAY"
Goal: to teach the culture of behavior at a party, to develop vocabulary.
Attributes: house model, furniture, dolls, tea set, cake, sweets, gifts, waste material.
Plot: the characters celebrate a birthday and invite friends to visit, preparing a festive table.
Friends come to visit them, give them gifts, drink tea together, and dance in circles.
"MAIL"
Goal: speech development, teaching culture of behavior in public places, expanding knowledge about mail.
Attributes: magazines, newspapers, letters, cash register, telegram forms, mailbox, small toys, building material, cash register, money.
Plot: people come to the post office to get letters, send telegrams, buy newspapers. The cashier sells magazines and gives a receipt.
"SHOP"
Goal: expanding knowledge about the professions of store workers, expanding children's vocabulary.
Attributes: seller's toy, milk, bread, vegetables, fruits, checks, money, cash register.
Plot: the store sells milk and bread; The money is paid into the cash register to the cashier, he gives the checks. The seller weighs the products, receives a receipt, delivers the goods, a cashier and a salesperson work in the store.
"HOSPITAL"
Goal: to foster a culture of communication, to expand children’s vocabulary on the topic.
Attributes: (repeated, as in the younger group). Added: spatula, bandages, cotton wool, thermometers, recipes.
Plot: the doctor listens, looks at the tongue, throat, writes a prescription, the sister puts a thermometer, gives injections, warms it up. The doctor comes to your home when called.
"AT THE DENTIST"
Goal: to introduce children to the profession of a dentist, to cultivate a friendly attitude towards peers.
Attributes: mirror (for examining teeth, spatula, jars of ointments, dolls, robe, cap, cotton wool.
Plot: the doll had a toothache, her mother took her to the doctor. The doctor examines the patient, treats her teeth, and gives advice on dental care.
"LAUNDRY" (WITH PROVIDING LINEN)
Goal: expand vocabulary, cultivate attentiveness, respect for the work of adults.
Attributes: washing machine, rope, clothespins, basins, washing board, ironing board, iron, washing powders (empty boxes, waste material.
Plot: in kindergarten they hand over dirty linen, at the laundress they wash it, iron it and give it back. Mothers bring dirty linen and hand it over to the laundry, the laundress worker washes it and gives it back.
"KINDERGARTEN"
Goal: expand knowledge about kindergarten workers, cultivate a respectful attitude towards the work of adults.
Attributes: dolls, stroller, toys, waste material, dishes.
Plot: mothers and fathers bring their children to kindergarten, the teacher meets them, he plays with them, exercises, walks, feeds them, does exercises, puts them to bed. After work, moms and dads pick up their children.
"BEAUTY SALOON".
Goal: expand the active vocabulary on the topic, cultivate a kind attitude towards adults.
Attributes: mirror, chair, dressing table, scissors, combs, clippers, cologne, towel, peignoir, curlers, hair dryer.
Plot: a mother brings her child to the hairdresser and asks to have his hair cut and combed. The hairdresser washes the hair, cuts it, styles it, and blow-dries it.
The characters come to the hairdresser and ask to have their hair done. The hairdresser issues a check, and the clients pay them.
"CAR SALON".
Goal: expand knowledge about the variety of stores, develop children's speech.
Attributes: various models of cars, cash register, money, small toys, waste material.
Plot: customers come to the store, look at and ask salespeople about different car models, and pay with money into the cash register.
"FISHING SHIP"
Goal: expand children's knowledge about the types of ships, expand children's vocabulary.
Attributes: large building material, caps, collars, steering wheel, binoculars, megaphone, fish nets made of papier-mâché, cars, cap for the commander.
Plot: fishermen took their nets and set out to catch fish. The whole team helps each other, bring fish to the store, study the seabed: plants, fish, sailors on a ship sail around the world. The sailors follow the commander's commands and wash the deck.
Older age.
"Shop"
Goal: to teach children to classify objects according to general characteristics, to cultivate a sense of mutual assistance, and to expand their vocabulary.
Attributes: toys depicting goods that can be bought in a store, located on the display window, money.
Plot: a supermarket is being organized with departments, vegetable, grocery, dairy, bakery and others. Children independently assign roles and arrange goods. They come to the supermarket with their friends, choose a product, consult with the sellers, and pay at the checkout. During the game, the teacher needs to pay attention to the relationship between sellers and buyers.
"WE ARE FARMERS"
Goal: continue to introduce children to professions, clarify children’s vocabulary and cultivate a caring attitude towards nature.
Attributes: tractors, cars, waste material, construction sets, small toys.
Plot: the time has come for planting (harvesting, tractors and combines go into the field.
"TOY FACTORY"
Goal: to introduce children to the toy factory, expand children’s horizons on the topic, and replenish children’s vocabulary.
Attributes: toys of all kinds, clay, plasticine, carpentry supplies, boxes for toys, conveyor, machines.
Plot: toys are ordered from a factory for a kindergarten, workers make them; Having made toys at the factory, an exhibition is held - a sale of toys; design engineers come up with the idea of making new toys, draw them on paper, workers, having examined the drawings, begin to make them; The factory has a canteen where workers go during their lunch break, and there is also a library. At a factory, the director orders material from the warehouse for making toys, he brings this material from the warehouse by car, the receiver accepts the material and gives it to the workers.
"TELEPHONE STATION"
Goal: to improve children’s knowledge on the topic, the development of dialogical speech, and the ability to listen to each other.
Attributes: telephone sets, construction kit, journals for notes.
Subject: dispatcher, subscribers.
Dispatchers work at the telephone exchange, subscribers call them, ask to be connected to someone they know, the phone at home does not answer, the subscriber calls the telephone station and asks to check the line, the dispatcher calls the workers, they establish communication.
"Pharmacy"
Goal: to expand knowledge about the professions of pharmacy workers: pharmacist, cashier, pharmacy manager, to expand children’s vocabulary: “medicines”, “pharmacist”, “order”.
Attributes: toy pharmacy equipment.
Plot: Introducing the role of Pharmacy Manager. She receives medicinal herbs from the population and gives them to Pharmacists for them to prepare medicines. The manager helps pharmacy employees and visitors understand difficult situations. Medicines are issued strictly according to prescriptions. Children assign roles independently, at will.
"FIRE DEPARTMENT"
Goal: to introduce children to the work of the fire department, to update their knowledge of fire safety rules.
Attributes: construction kit, cars, helmets, equipment (hoses, toy fire-fighting cylinders, telephone, walkie-talkie.
Plot: there was a fire in the house, people called on the phone, cars were getting ready to leave, arriving at the scene of the fire, extinguishing it.
"In the cafe"
Goal: to teach a culture of behavior in public places, to be able to perform the duties of a cook and waiter.
Attributes: necessary equipment for a cafe, doll toys, money.
Plot: Pinocchio comes to visit. He met all the children and made friends with other toys. Pinocchio decides to invite his new friends to a cafe to treat them to ice cream. Everyone goes to the cafe. There they are served by waiters. Children learn to place an order correctly and thank you for the service.
“Seryozha and Katya follow traffic rules”
Goal: expand knowledge about traffic rules, cultivate attention on the road.
Attributes: street layout, building material, toy cars, traffic signs, toys - characters.
Plot: Children drive cars. But here's the problem - there are no traffic lights on the main roads and all participants rely on the signs. Children must cross the road according to traffic rules.
"AMBULANCE"
Goal: to expand children’s knowledge about the medical profession, expand their vocabulary, and cultivate respect for the work of adults.
Attributes: small toys, ambulances, medicines, gowns, stretchers, droppers, syringes, gauze, cotton wool, substitute items.
Plot: calling an ambulance to a fire, providing assistance to the victims, being taken to the hospital on a stretcher.
The child has been poisoned, an ambulance is called to him, the operator records the call, sends the ambulance to the scene of the incident, the doctor examines him, provides first aid (washing, giving injections.
"TELEGRAPH".
Goal: expand knowledge about the operation of the telegraph, expand vocabulary,
Develop a positive attitude towards peers.
Attributes: telephones, computers (out of the box, telegram forms).
Plot: operators work at the telegraph office, they receive telegrams from visitors, transmit them to another city by telephone, there is a telephone conversation center at the telegraph office, visitors order negotiations, talk on the phone.
Preparatory age.
"Let's go for a walk"
Goal: developing the ability to select clothes for different seasons, consolidate the general concepts of “clothing”, “shoes”, and cultivate a caring attitude towards others.
Attributes: dolls, clothes for (for summer, winter, spring and autumn, a small wardrobe for clothes and a chair.
Plot: a new doll comes to visit. She gets acquainted and wants to play. But the guys are going for a walk and invite the doll to go with them. The doll complains that she can’t get dressed, and then the guys offer her their help. Children take out doll clothes from the locker, name them, choose what they need to wear now depending on the weather. With the help of the teacher, they dress the doll in the correct sequence. Then the children dress themselves and go out for a walk with the doll. Upon returning from a walk, the children undress themselves and undress the doll in the required sequence, commenting on their actions.
"At the doctor's"
Goal: to cultivate attentiveness, sensitivity, expand vocabulary: introduce the concepts of “treatment”, “temperature”, “hospital”.
Attributes: dolls, toy animals, medical instruments, substitute items.
Plot: A Doctor and a Nurse are chosen, the rest of the children take animals and dolls and come to the clinic for an appointment. Patients with various diseases come to the doctor. The Doctor examines the patient, prescribes treatment, and the Nurse carries out his instructions. Some patients require hospital treatment, they are admitted to the hospital, and the toys tell them why they came to the doctor. During the game, children watch how the doctor treats the sick - makes bandages, measures the temperature.
"Stepashka's Birthday"
Goal: expand knowledge about table setting for a festive dinner, consolidate knowledge about tableware, cultivate attentiveness and caring.
Attributes: toys that can come to visit Stepashka, tableware, napkins, tablecloth.
Plot: the teacher reports that today is Stepashka’s birthday and offers to go visit him and congratulate him. Children take toys, go to visit and congratulate. Stepashka offers everyone tea and cake and asks them to help him set the table. Children actively participate in this and, with the help of the teacher, set the table. It is necessary to pay attention to the relationships between children during the game.
"Building a house"
Goal: to introduce construction professions, teach children how to build a simple structure, and develop friendly relationships in a team.
Attributes: large building materials, cars, cranes, toys for construction, pictures depicting people in the construction profession: mason, carpenter, crane operator, driver, etc.
Plot: children are invited to guess the riddle: “What kind of turret is there, and the light is on in the window? We live in this tower, and it's called? (house)". A large, spacious house is being built where the toys will live. Then the children agree to build a house. Roles are distributed: Builders, drivers, crane operator. During construction, attention should be paid to the relationships between children. The house is ready and new residents can move in. Children play independently.
"Zoo"
Goal: to expand children’s knowledge about wild animals, to cultivate love and a humane attitude towards animals, to expand children’s vocabulary.
Attributes: toy wild animals familiar to children, cages (made of building material, tickets, money, cash register.
Plot: the teacher reports that a zoo has arrived in town and offers to go there. Children buy tickets at the box office and go to the zoo. There they look at the animals, talk about where they live and what they eat. During the game, children should pay attention to how to treat animals and how to care for them.
"Kindergarten"
Goal: to expand children’s knowledge about kindergarten, about the professions of those people who work here, to cultivate a desire to imitate the actions of adults.
Attributes: all the toys necessary for kindergarten play.
Plot: it is proposed to play in kindergarten. If desired, they are appointed to the roles of Educator, Nanny, Music Director. Dolls and animals act as pupils. During the game, they monitor relationships with children and help them find a way out of difficult situations.
"Salon"
Goal: to introduce the profession of a hairdresser, to cultivate a culture of communication, to expand the vocabulary of children.
Attributes: robe for the hairdresser, cape for the client, hairdresser's tools - comb, scissors, bottles for cologne, varnish, hairdryer.
Plot: The doll Katya comes to visit. She meets all the children and notices a mirror in the group. The doll asks the children if they have a comb? she would like to comb her hair. The doll is offered to go to the hairdresser. It is clarified that there are several halls there: women's, men's, manicure, good masters work in them, and they will quickly get your hair in order. We appoint Hairdressers, they take their jobs. Other children and dolls go into the salon. Katya remains very pleased, she likes her hairstyle. She thanks the children and promises to come to this hairdresser next time.
"In library"
Goal: broaden one’s horizons, instill respect for the work of a librarian and respect for books, and expand vocabulary.
Attributes: books familiar to children, a box with pictures, a card index, pencils, sets of postcards.
Plot: together they remember who works in the library and what they do there. Children choose 2-3 Librarians themselves. The remaining children are divided into several groups. Each group is served by one Librarian. He shows a lot of books, and to take the book he likes, the child must name it or briefly talk about what is written in it. During the game, they give advice to children who find it difficult to choose a book. The librarian needs to be more attentive to visitors, show illustrations to the books they like. Some children want to stay in the reading room to look at the picture sets. At the end of the game, the children tell how they played, what books he offered them, and what they liked the most.
"Cosmonauts"
Goal: to expand children’s vocabulary: “outer space”, “cosmodrome”, “flight”, “outer space”.
Attributes: spaceship and building material, seat belts, tools for working in space, toy cameras.
Plot: it is proposed to go into space to leave a satellite there that will transmit weather signals to Earth. You will also need to take photographs of our planet from space. Everyone remembers together what else needs to be taken with them. Children play out the situation. They complete the task and return to Earth. The roles of Pilot, Navigator, Radio Operator, Captain are distributed at the request of the children.
"Family"
Goal: to cultivate love, a friendly, caring attitude towards family members, interest in their activities.
Attributes: all the toys necessary for family play: dolls, furniture, dishes, things, etc.
Plot: Roles are assigned as desired; Grandma has a birthday coming up. Everyone is busy about organizing a holiday. Some Family Members buy food, others prepare a festive dinner, set the table, and others prepare an entertainment program. During the game, you need to observe the relationships between Family Members and help them in a timely manner.
"On the roads of the city"
Goal: to consolidate children’s knowledge about the rules of the road, to introduce them to a new role - a traffic controller, to cultivate self-control and attention on the road.
Attributes: toy cars, traffic controller flags - red and green.
Plot: children are offered to build a beautiful building - a theater. We choose a place to build. But first you need to transport the building material to the right place. Car drivers can easily cope with this. Children take cars and go to get building materials. But here’s the bad news: the traffic lights don’t work on the main roads. To avoid an accident on the road, it is necessary for the traffic of cars to be controlled by a traffic controller. Select a Regulator. He has red and green flags in his hands. A red flag means “stop”, a green flag means “go”. Everything will be alright now. The traffic controller controls the traffic.
"We are athletes"
Goal: to give children knowledge about the need to play sports. Develop physical qualities.
Attributes: medals, billboard, sports equipment - balls, jump ropes, skittles, rope, ladders, benches, etc.
Plot: it is proposed to hold a competition in different sports. Judges and competition organizers are chosen at the request of the children. The rest of the children are athletes. Everyone independently chooses the sport in which they will compete with their opponents. Judges award points for completing the task. The game ends with the winners being awarded.
"At a car service station"
Goal: to develop constructive skills, show creativity, and introduce a new role - a car repair mechanic.
Attributes: building material, mechanic tools for car repair, equipment for washing and painting cars.
Plot: tell children that there are a lot of cars on the city roads and these cars break down very often, so we need to open a car service station. They propose to build a large garage, equip a place for car washing, and select employees and maintenance personnel. They are introduced to a new working specialty - a mechanic who repairs cars (engine, steering, brakes, etc.).
"School"
Goal: to clarify children’s knowledge about school, about lessons, to cultivate a desire to learn, respect for the teacher’s work, and to expand their vocabulary.
Attributes: pens, notebooks, children's books, alphabet, numbers, blackboard, chalk, pointer.
Plot: a teacher invites children to play school. A conversation is held about why the school is needed, who works there, what the students do. At the request of the children, a Teacher is selected. The rest of the children are Students. The teacher assigns tasks to the students, and they complete them independently and diligently. In another lesson there is a different Teacher. Children take classes in mathematics, native language, physical education, singing, etc.
abstract of the educational activity "Director's Play" (junior group) - open (2015)
Topic: "Director's Play"
Dramatization of the fairy tale “Turnip” in the younger group.
Completed by: Matskovskaya Irina Vasilovna
Teacher of MBDOU d/s No. 31 “Thumbelina”
Zelenogorsk, 2015
The theme of the joint activity: “Director’s play.”
Goal : development of the child’s play activity.
Tasks:
- to help children gain gaming experience and thereby create the prerequisites for the transition to activity in role-playing games.
- develop the child’s imagination and artistic abilities;
- develop the ability to regulate behavior and interact with other participants in the game;
- promote the child’s social development, the ability to perceive and understand life situations, imagine relationships between people, their actions and deeds;
- promote the development of independence, children's initiative, the ability to express themselves in a new life situation;
- develop speech skills, the ability to select phrases, words, and emotionally color speech; help children overcome communication difficulties, uncertainty, timidity, shyness, and isolation;
- develop memory, the ability to establish a sequence of actions and events;
- to develop the ability to use the subject-developmental environment of the group in the game, to use substitute objects.
Participants : teacher, 6 children of primary preschool age (3 – 4 years).
Equipment : caps (cat, dog, mouse), hats, braids, beads, pants, skirts, sundress, scarves; large box for things; a basket of real vegetables; Substitute objects: “seed” is a bead, “earth” is the hood of a black jacket.
Progress of the game.
Educator: - Guys, look, I brought the autumn harvest of vegetables in a basket! What vegetables do you see? (Children's answers: beets, cucumbers, carrots, zucchini, cabbage, potatoes, tomatoes, turnips; describe vegetables, touch them with their hands, smell them).
- Let's play the fairy tale “Turnip”? (children agree).
- And the “Magic Box” will help us (the teacher takes out a large box, opens the lid, and in it are costumes and attributes for the game).
Children choose attributes, assign the roles they like, the teacher helps them remember which characters are present in the fairy tale “Turnip” (Grandfather, Grandmother, Granddaughter, Bug, Cat, Mouse). The teacher chose the role of “storyteller” (she is the “director” in this game activity).
The fairy tale begins. “Grandfather” plants a “seed” (bead) in the “ground” (the hood of a black jacket). A real turnip appears on the surface of the “ground”.
Then the fairy tale unfolds according to its plot. Children try to portray their hero, convey habits, voice, movements. If someone finds it difficult, the “storyteller” (teacher) helps to remember the sequence, emotionally show the movements, and pronounce the phrase.
The tale ends (“They pulled out a turnip!”). Children take the turnip in their hands, examine it, smell it, pass it to each other, whoever wants to hold it.
The "actors" bow. The “Storyteller” thanks and praises the “actors” for a very interesting game!
Then children can continue the game, change attributes and roles as they wish.
